Polymyxin B sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic and is composed of polymyxins B1, B2, and B3 with fractions B1 and B2 comprising the majority of the mixture. Polymyxin B6 sulfate is freely soluble in aqueous solution (25 mg/mL). Polymyxin B components are structurally identical with the exception of a variable fatty acid group on each fraction. Results from in vitrostudies have shown marginal differences in MIC data when comparing the fractions.
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EvoPure® products are purified single antibiotic fractions, most are >99% pure. Highly pure Polymyxin products can be used to analyze the specific effects of individual Polymyxin B fractions.
| Mechanism of Action | Polymyxin B targets and alters permeability lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria leading to lysing of the cell. Polymyxin B only needs to interact with LPS, it is not required to enter the cell. |
| Spectrum | Polymyxin B Sulfate targets the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| Microbiology Applications | Polymyxin B Sulfate is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
Media SupplementsPolymyxin B is routinely used as a selection agent in several types of isolation media: Perfringens agar - Supplement A and Supplement B Perfringens Agar - SFP and TSC Selective Supplements Columbia Blood Agar - Campylobacter Selective Supplement (Skirrow) Columbia Blood Agar - Campylobacter Selective Supplement (Blaser-Wang) Brucella medium - Brucella Selective Supplement MYP Agar - Polymyxin B Bacillus Selection Supplement Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella BMPA-α Selective Supplement Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella MWY Selective Supplement Campylobacter Agar - Campylobacter Selective Supplement (Preston) PALCAM Agar - PALCAM Selective Supplement Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella GVPC Selective Supplement m-CP Medium - Membrane C. perfringens Selective Supplement Burkholderia cepacia Agar Base - Burkholderia cepacia Selective Supplement ORSAB - ORSAB Selective Supplement Campylobacter Agar Base - Modified Preston Campylobacter Selective Supplement Brucella Medium Base - Modified Brucella Selective Supplement Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella GVPN Selective Supplement Chromogenic Listeria Agar - Chromogenic Listeria Selective Supplement Chromogenic Bacillus cereus Agar - Chromogenic Bacillus cereus Selective Supplement Chromogenic Listeria Agar - Chromogenic Listeria Differential Supplement |
| Plant Biology Applications | Polymyxin B Sulfate was successfully tested to counteract phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacterial growth including different strains of Pseudomonas viridiflava and Erwinia carotovora. Polymixin B Sulfate was shown to reduce bacterial growth of different strains of Pseudomonas viridiflava at low concentrations, (0.08 µg/ml) and Erwinia carotovora growth at slightly higher concentrations (0.25 µg/ml) (Selim et al, 2005). Polymyxin B has been shown to elict alkaloid accumulation in E. californica. Treatment at 0.04 mg/ml for 4 hours showed a 5.5 times increase in Jasmonate levels over the control (water). |
| Molecular Formula | C56H98N16O14 • xH2SO4 (lot specific) |
| References |
Newton BA (1956) The properties and mode of action of the Polymyxins. Bacter. Rev. 20(1):14-27 PMID 13303920 Selim S, Negrel J, Govaerts C, Gianinazzi S and Tuinen van D (2005) Isolation and partial characterization of antagonistic peptides produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 isolated from the sorghum Mycorrhizosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(11):6501–6507 PMID 16269674 Zavascki AP, Goldani LA, Li J and Nation RL (2007) Polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens: A critical review. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 60(6):1206-1215 PMID 17878146 Cao G et al (2009) Development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay for Polymyxin B in human plasma. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62(5):1009-1014 PMID 18765414 Tam VH, Cao H, Ledesma, KR, Hu M (2011) In vitro potency of various Polymyxin B components.55(9):4490-491 PMID 21709096 Orwa JA et al (2001) Isolation and structural characterization of Polymyxin B components. J Chromatogr. A 912(2):369-373 PMID 11330807 Mueller MJ, Brodschelm W, Spannagl E and Zenk MH (1993) Signaling in the elicitation process is mediated through the octadecanoid pathway leading to jasmonic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90(16):7490-7494 PMID 11607420 |
