Plant biology, genetic engineering, plant biotechnology.
Plant biology refers to the science and study of plants. Plant characteristics and growth can be altered in a number of ways which include genetic engineering and the use of various growth regulators or hormones. DNA can be introduced to plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or other methods where a gene of interest on a plasmid is transferred from Agrobacterium cells and integrated into plant tissues. Plants are also susceptible to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens which can be controlled or eliminated by the use of low toxicity antibiotics and antimycotics.