Nalidixic acid is a naphthyridone antibiotic similar in structure and mechanism to quinolones.
TOKU-E offers two forms of nalidixic acid: nalidixic acid (N011) and nalidixic acid sodium salt, CulturePure® (N001). Nalidixic acid is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution at 0.1 mg/mL. Nalidixic acid sodium salt is freely soluble in aqueous solution at 50 mg/mL.
Mechanism of Action | Nalidixic acid indirectly inhibits proteins synthesis by binding DNA and interfering with enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription. |
Spectrum | Nalidixic acid is a broad spectrum antibiotic commonly used against bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections. |
Microbiology Applications | Nalidixic acid is commonly used in clinical in vitromicrobiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against gram positive and gram negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients. Representative MIC values include:
Media SupplementsNalidixic acid can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media: Columbia Blood Agar - Staphylococcus/Streptococcus selective supplement Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Agar - Isolation of non-sporing anaerobes Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Agar - Isolation of Gram-negative anaerobes Columbia Blood Agar - Gardnerella vaginalis Selective Supplement Listeria Enrichemnt Broth - Listeria Selective Enrichment Supplement Listeria Enrichemnt Broth - Listeria Selective Enrichment Supplements UVM I and UVM II Listeria Enrichment Broth - Modified Listeria Selective Enrichemnt Supplement Fraser Broth - Fraser Supplement Fraser Broth - Half Fraser Supplement Brucella Medium Base - Modified Brucella Selective Supplement Buffered Listeria Enrichment Broth - Listeria Selective Enrichment Supplement ChromogenicListeria Agar - ChromogenicListeria Selective Supplement ChromogenicListeria Agar - Chromogenic Listeria Differential Supplement |
Molecular Formula | C12H12N2O3 |
Impurity Profile | Residue on Ignition: ≤0.2% Heavy Metals: ≤0.002% |
References | Levitt, Martin, and et al. "Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Nalidixic Acid." Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Nalidixic Acid 4.4 (1973): 479-86. www.ncbi.gov. Web. 10 Sept. 2012. |
MIC | Aeromonas spp.| ≥32|| Bacillus subtilis| ≥3.13|| Bacteroides fragilis| 2 - 64|| Bifidobacterium adolescentis| 62.5 - 125|| Bifidobacterium animalis| ≥500|| Bifidobacterium bifidum| 31.25 - 62.5|| Bifidobacterium breve| >500|| Bifidobacterium Infantis| ≥125|| Bifidobacterium longum| 62.5 - 125|| Bifidobacterium pseudolongum| 62.5 - 125|| Bifidobacterium sp.| 125 - 250|| Bifidobacterium thermophilum| ≥125|| Borrelia burgdorferi S.L.| 128 - >512|| Brucella suis (ATCC 27531)| ≥125|| Campylobacter jejuni| 2 - >256|| Campylobacter spp.| ≤1 - ≥64|| Citrobacter freundii| 4 - >32|| Citrobacter koseri| 2 - >32|| Clostridium perfringens| ≥8|| Clostridium spiroforme| ≥8|| Enterobacter aerogenes| 2 - >32|| Enterobacter cloacae| 2 - 512|| Enterobacteriaceae| 1 - 128|| Enterococcus faecalis| >32|| Enterococcus faecium| ≥32|| Escherichia coli| 1 - 256|| Haemophilus influenzae| 0.71 - 2|| Haemophilus spp.| 0.015 - 2|| Klebsiella pneumonia| 2 - >64|| Lactobacillus acidophilus| 250 - >500|| Lactobacillus bulgaricus| ≥500|| Lactobacillus casei| ≥500|| Lactobacillus lactis | ≥500|| Lactobacillus paracasei| ≥500|| Lactobacillus plantarum| ≥500|| Lactobacillus rhamnosus| ≥500|| Lactobacillus spp.| ≥500 ->1024|| Legionella pneumophila| 2|| Moraxella catarrhalis| 2 - 4|| Morganella morganii| 1 - >32|| Mycobacterium smegmatis| 3.125 - 50|| Neisseria spp.| 0.5 - 8|| Plesiomonas shigelloides| ≥32|| Proteus mirabilis| 4 - >32|| Proteus morganii | 1.56|| Proteus rettgeri | 1.56|| Proteus spp.| 4 - 4.1|| Proteus vulgaris| 1.56 - 4|| Providencia rettgeri| 4 - >32|| Providencia stuartii| 2 - >32|| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| <1 - >128|| Pseudomonas spp.| 32 - 128|| Salmonella enterica| 1 - >32|| Salmonella Enteritidis| 3.13|| Salmonella Paratyphi| 0.78|| Salmonella schottmulleri| 0.78|| Salmonella typhi| 4 - >184000|| Serratia marcescens| 1 - >32|| Shigella| 1 - 64|| Shigella flexneri| 0.12 - <4|| Shigella sonnei| 0.12 - 32|| Shigella spp.| 1.15 - 8|| Staphylococci| 16 - 128|| Staphylococcus aureus| >8 - >128|| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia| 8 - 32|| Streptococcus agalactiae| >32|| Streptococcus pneumonia| >128|| Streptococcus pyogenes| >32 - >100|| Treponema hyodysenteriae | ≥100|| Xylella fastidiosa| 16 - 32|| Yersinia enterocolitica| 4 - 8|| |