Nisin (Nisin A) is a natural bacteriocin polypeptide antibiotic known as a lantibiotic. It is a 34-amino acid polycyclic antibacterial peptide. It was isolated in the late 1930s from Lactococcus lactis. Nisin A and Nisin Z are two naturally occurring variants of Nisin that differ by a single amino residue at position 27 (Nisin A=histidine; Nisin Z=asparagine).
Nisin is a proteinaceous toxin produced by Gram-positive bacteria to reduce competitive strain from other Gram-positive bacteria and it has bactericidal properties. It is used as a selective agent in microbiological media to isolate Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and molds. It commonly used a food additive to prevent spoilage.
Nisin has been found to have anti-cancer properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), breast cancer, and colon cancer model systems and thus is a promising agent for the development as a cancer therapeutic agent given its efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and non-toxic properties. Nisin is water-soluble.
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