Ceftriaxone free acid is a semisynthetic third-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. It is used as an antibacterial, and since it can cross the blood-brain barrier, it can also be used to study the central nervous system.
TOKU-E offers two forms of Ceftriaxone:
- Ceftriaxone free acid (C074)
- Ceftriaxone sodium, USP (C022)
| Application | In vivo studies with male rats have shown that treatment with Ceftriaxone can prevent ethanol drinking through normalization of extracellular glutamate in nucleus accumbens of P rats via glutamate transporter 1. (Das et al, 2015). |
| Mechanism of Action | Like β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. Like many cephalosporins, Ceftriaxone is resistant to a number of β-lactamases. |
| Spectrum | Ceftriaxone free acid is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. |
| Impurity Profile | Impurity A| (E)-isomer; (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic Acid Sodium||C18H17N8NaO7S3|576.56| |Ceftriaxone (E)-isomer; ?(6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic Acid|92143-312|C18H18N8O7S3|554.58| Impurity B| 3-Desacetyl Cefotaxime Lactone;[5aR-[5a汐,6汕(Z)]]-2-Amino-汐-(methoxyimino)-N-(1,4,5a,6-tetrahydro-1,7-dioxo-3H,7H-azeto[2,1-b]furo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-6-yl)-4-thiazoleacetamide|66340-33-8|C14H13N5O5S2|395.42| Impurity C| 2-methyl-3-sulphanyl-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-5,6-dione||C4H5N3O2S|159.17| Impurity D| S-2-Benzothiazolyl-2-amino-汐-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazolethiolacetate; (汐Z)-2-Amino-汐-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazoleethanethioic Acid S-2-Benzothiazolyl Ester; (Z)-2-Amino-汐-(methoxyimino)-4-thiazoleethanethioic Acid S-2-Benzothiazolyl Ester; (Z)-2-[Methoxyimino]-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetic Acid S-2-Benzothiazole Ester; S-(Benzothiazol-2-yl) (Z)-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)(methoxyimino)thioacetate|80756-850|C13H10N4O2S3|350.44| Impurity E| 7-Amino-3-[[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]cephalosporanic Acid; (6R,7R)-7-Amino-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic Acid; (6R-trans)-7-Amino-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic Acid|58909-56-1|C12H13N5O5S2|371.40| |
| Molecular Formula | C18H18N8O7S3 |
| References | Das, SC et al (2015) Ceftriaxone attenuates ethanol drinking and restores extracellular glutamate concentration through normalization of GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens of male alcohol-preferring rats. Europharmacol. 97: 67-74 PMID 26002627 Feng D et al (2014) Ceftriaxone alleviates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by increasing excitatory amino acid transporter 2 expression via the P13K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway. Neurosci. 268:21-32 Georgopapadakou, NH (1992) Mechanisms of action of cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters, carbamates, and tertiary amines in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37(3): 559-565 Lee S et al (2008) Mechanism of ceftriaxone induction of excitatory amino acid transporter-2 expression and glutamate uptake in primary human astrocytes. J. Biol. Chem 283: 13116-13123 Ruzza P et al (2016) Interactions of GFAP with ceftriaxone and phenytoin: SRCD and molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1860(10):2239-2248 PMID 27133445 |
