D-Biotin, USP (syn: Biotin, D-(+)-Biotin, Vitamin H, Vitamin B7) is a natural product. The D-isomer is the most bioactive form of Biotin. This compound is present in every living cell where it is involved as a cofactor for enzymes in many metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms. Its role is primarily related to the biochemistry of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Biotin is a heterocyclic compound, with a sulfur-containing tetrahydrothiophene ring fused to a ureido group. It is involved in cell signaling processes, it can be used to modify histones and regulate gene transcription. Chemically modified versions of the biotin molecule are used in biotechnology to isolate compounds for biochemical assays, proteomics, and workflows like DNA-hybridization and flow cytometry.
D-Biotin, USP is soluble in water.
| Mechanism of Action | During fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis, Biotin acts as a flexible prosthetic group by allowing it to reach different enzyme active sites. Biotin is a coenzyme for five different carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, synthesis of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates and this process is found in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. |
| Microbiology Applications | D-Biotin can be used in cell culture media for its involvement in a number of cellular processes including gluconeogenesis, synthesis of fatty acids, and amino acids isoleucine and valine. Biotin-dependent carboxylases are involved in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, urea utilization, and other cellular processes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC for exampl, is ttractive targets for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and other diseases. |
| Plant Biology Applications | D-Biotin can be synthesized via multiple pathways. In plants, is essential for plant growth and development. |
| Molecular Formula | C10H16N2O3S |
| References |
Tong (2013) Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 70(5):863-891 PMID 22869039 Zempleni J and Mock DM (1999) Biotin biochemistry and human requirements. J. Nutrition. Biochem. 10(3):128-138 Xia B, Pang L, Zhuang ZX, Liu JJ (2016) Biotin-mediated epigenetic modifications: Potential defense against the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol. Lett. 22:241:216-24 PMID 26569572 |
