Sparfloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic and is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution (0.113 mg/mL).
| Mechanism of Action | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme which reduces DNA strain during replication. Because DNA gyrase is required during DNA replication, subsequent DNA synthesis and ultimately cell division is inhibited. |
| Spectrum | Sparfloxacin is a broad spectrum antibiotic targeting a wide range of Gram positive, Gram negative, and Mycoplasma species especially those which cause pneumonia. |
| Impurity Profile | Related substances: Not more than 1.0% Pyridine: Not more than 0.02% |
| Microbiology Applications | Sparfloxacin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against gram positive, gram negative, and Mycoplasma microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options for infected patients. Representative MIC values include:
|
| Molecular Formula | C19H22F2N4O3 |
| Residual Solvents | Toluene: Not more than 0.089% Chloroform: Not more than 0.006% |
| References | Wolfson, John S., and David C. Hooper. "The Fluoroquinolones: Structures, Mechanisms of Action and Resistance, and Spectra of Activity in Vitro." American Society for Microbiology 4th ser. 28 (1985): 581-86. |
| MIC | Bacillus spp.| ≤1|| Bacteroides fragilis| 0.12 － 4|| Borrelia burgdorferi S.L.| 0.06 － 8|| Campylobacter jejuni| 0.03 － 0.25|| Campylobacter pylori| 0.03 － 0.5|| Chlamydia pneumonia| 0.031 － 0.063|| Chlamydia psittaci | 0.06|| Citrobacter freundii| 0.06 － 1|| Citrobacter spp.| 0.25|| Clostridium perfringens| 0.5|| Clostridium spp.| 16|| Corynebacterium| <1|| Corynebacterium jeikeium| 0.12 － 64|| Corynebacterium spp.| >2|| Diphtheroids (JK group)| 0.12 － 0.25|| Enterobacter spp.| 0.015 － 0.12|| Enterobacteriaceae| 0.008 － 128|| Enterococci| 0.25 － 128|| Enterococcus avium| 0.5 － 2|| Enterococcus casseliflavus| 0.5 － 1|| Enterococcus faecalis| 0.25 － 32|| Enterococcus faecium| 0.25 － 128|| Enterococcus gallinarum| 0.25 － 1|| Enterococcus raffinosus| 0.25 － 0.5|| Enterococcus spp.| 1 － >2|| Erysipelothrix spp.| 0.03 － 0.06|| Escherichia coli| 0.001 － 16|| Haemolytic streptococci| 0.12 － 1|| Haemophilus influenzae| 0.002 － 0.25|| Haemophilus spp.| 0.004 － 8|| Klebsiella pneumonia| 0.06 － 1|| Klebsiella spp.| 0.25 － <1|| Lactobacillus spp.| 0.12 － 0.5|| Legionella pneumophila| 0.002 － 0.03|| Leuconostoc spp.| 0.5 － 1|| Listeria monocytogenes| 1 － 2|| Moraxella catarrhalis| <0.003 － 0.5|| Morganella morganii| 0.5|| Mycobacteria | 1 － 8|| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex| 0.03 － 1|| Mycobacterium fortuitum| 0.06|| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.12 － 8|| Mycoplasma fermentans| ≤0.008 － 0.25|| Mycoplasma genitalium| 0.03 － 0.12|| Mycoplasma hominis| ≤0.008 － 0.125|| Mycoplasma penetrans| ≤0.015 － 0.12|| Mycoplasma pneumonia| 0.031 － 0.25|| Neisseria cinerea| 0.007 － 0.015|| Neisseria lactamica| <0.003 － <0.03|| Neisseria meningitidis| <0.003 － 0.015|| Neisseria mucosa| 0.003 － 0.015|| Neisseria perflava| <0.003 － 0.03|| Neisseria polysaccharea| <0.003 － 0.007|| Neisseria sicca| <0.003 － 0.03|| Neisseria spp.| 0.001 － 0.12|| Pandoraea apista| 0.12 － 0.5|| Pandoraea pnomenusa| 0.5 － 1|| Pasteurella multocida| 0.015 － 0.03|| Pediococcus spp.| 4 － 8|| Peptostreptococcus spp.| 1|| Pneumococci| 0.12 － 128|| Proteus spp.| 0.12 － 1|| Proteus spp.| 0.5|| Proteus spp.| ≤1|| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 0.5 － 32|| Pseudomonas cepacia| 0.06 － 2|| Pseudomonas spp.| 0.12 － 16|| Salmonella spp.| 0.06|| Serratia marcescens| 0.06 － 16|| Shigella spp.| 0.03|| Staphylococci| 0.06 － 16|| Staphylococcus aureus| 0.03 － 64|| Staphylococcus epidermidis| 0.03 － 4|| Staphylococcus haemolyticus| ≤0.25 － >2|| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia| 0.12 － 8|| Streptococci| 0.06 － 1|| Streptococcus agalactiae| 0.5|| Streptococcus pneumonia| 0.03 － >32|| Streptococcus pyogenes| 0.5|| Ureaplasma spp.| 0.063 － 2|| Ureaplasma urealyticum| 0.06 － 0.25|| Xanthomonas maltophilia| 0.25 － 4|| |