Chloramphenicol ReadyMadeTM Solution is a sterile solution of Chloramphenicol dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is a synthetic antibiotic that was originally derived from Streptomyces venezuelae. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including most anaerobic organisms.
We also offer:
- Chloramphenicol, USP (C028)
- Chloramphenicol Palmitate (C168)
- Chloramphenicol Succinate (C169)
- Chloramphenicol Succinate Sodium (C170)
- Chloramphenicol Acetate (C172)
- Chloramphenicol ReadyMade Aqueous Solution (C294)
| Mechanism of Action | After entering a bacterial cell, Chloramphenicol reversibly binds to the peptidyltransferase center at the 50S ribosomal subunit of 70S ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation. Resistance to Chloramphenicol may be due to decreased cell permeability or a mutation in the 50S ribosomal subunit. |
| Spectrum | Chloramphenicol is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It is also effective against Mycoplasmas, Chlamydiae, and Rickettsiae. |
| Microbiology Applications | Chloramphenicol is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
Bacterial resistance to Chloramphenicol is enzymatic inactivation by acetylation via different types of Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs), and this feature has been exploited for gene selection. Chloramphenicol is routinely used to select for transformed cells that express the chloramphenicol resistance gene, cat. Chloramphenicol is used as a selective agent in: Dermasel Agar - Dermasel Selective Supplement. Selection of dermatophyte fungi from hair, nails, and skin scrapings. Chromogenic Candida Agar - Candida Selective Supplement |
| Plant Biology Applications | Chloramphenicol is gene selection agent for resistant plants containing the cat gene. Chimeric genes made up of the nopaline synthase promoter and bacterial coding sequences that specify resistance to chloramphenicol were inserted into a Ti plasmid vector and used to transform tobacco protoplasts. The use of a non-oncogenic Ti plasmid was used and phenotypically normal fertile plants regenerated from the resistant calli, thus providing a natural environment for studying gene expression and development of plant cells. (De Bloc et al, 1984). |
| Cancer Applications | Researchers at the University of Manchester, UK found a conserved phenotypic dependence on the biogenesis of mitochondria for the expansion of cancer stem cells. Since Chroramphenicol can inhibit mitochrondrial biogenesis, it was found to inhibit tumor-sphere formation in MCF7 cells. This approach is mutation-independent, and treats cancer like a single disease of ‘stemness’, independent of tumor type. This approach was successful in vitro with 12 different cancer cell lines, across 8 different tumor types (breast, DCIS, ovarian, prostate, lung, pancreatic, melanoma, and glioblastoma (brain). (Lamb et al, 2015). |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H12Cl2N2O5 |
| References | De Bloc M, Herrera-Estrella L, Van Montagu M, Schhell J, and Zambryski P (1984) Expression of foreign genes in regenerated plants and in their progeny. EMBO Journal 3(8):1681-1689 Lamb R et al (2015) Antibiotics that target mitochondria effectively eradicate cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: treating cancer like an infectious disease. Oncotarget 6(7):4569-84. PMID 25625193 Li W, Ruf S and Bock R (2011) Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as selectable marker for plastid transformation. Plant Mol Biol 76:443–451 PMID 20721602 Schwarz S, Kehrenberg C, Doublet B, Cloeckaert A (2004) Molecular basis of bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol and florfenicol, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 28(5):519–542 PMID 15539072 Sharma KK., Bhatnagar-Mathur P. and Thorpe TA. Genetic transformation technology: status and problems. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.—Plant 41:102–112 |
| MIC | Bacillus cereus| <2 － ?| 1312| Bacillus cereus| <2 － ?| 1316| Bacillus cereus| 3.9 － ?| 1249| Bacillus cereus| 20 － ?| 1548| Bacillus cereus| 31.25 － ?| 1348| Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10702)| 2 － ?| 1302| Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10702)| <2 － ?| 1587| Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14893)| 3.9 － ?| 494| Bacillus cereus (NRLL B-3711)| 15.6 － ?| 843| Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884)| 4 － ?| 1302| Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884)| 4 － ?| 1183| Bacillus subtilis| 1 － ?| 288| Bacillus subtilis| <2 － ?| 1225| Bacillus subtilis| >4 － ?| 666| Bacillus subtilis| 14.4 － ?| 1257| Bacillus subtilis| 50 － ?| 1367| Bacillus subtilis| 50 － ?| 714| Bacillus subtilis| 64 － ?| 1183| Bacillus subtilis| 64 － ?| 1183| Bacillus subtilis| 4000 － ?| 1503| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)| 2 － ?| 242| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)| 7.8 － ?| 494| Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2063)| 6.25 － ?| 1058| Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 10073)| 20 － ?| 1525| Bacteroides bivius| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides fragilis| 0.015 － 8| 340| Bacteroides fragilis| ? － ?| 381| Bacteroides fragilis| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 23745)| 4 － ?| 334| Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 25285)| 4 － ?| 650| Bacteroides fragilis (group)| <=0.125 － 4| 1453| Bacteroides fragilis (group)| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Bacteroides fragilis (NCTC 9343)| 4 － ?| 401| Bacteroides melaninogenicus| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides ovatus| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides uniformis| 2 － 32| 1475| Bacteroides vulgatus| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Bacteroides vulgatus| ? － ?| 1385| Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ATCC 15704)| 3.95 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium animalis (ATCC 27536)| 7.8 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC 15696)| 1.95 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb12)| <0.98 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium breve (ATCC 15700)| 7.8 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium Infantis (ATCC 15697)| 62.5 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium longum (ATCC 15707)| 15.6 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium longum (ATCC 15708)| 31.25 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium longum (RBL9)| 15.6 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (ATCC 25526)| 7.8 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL67)| 31.25 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL68)| 7.81 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL69)| 7.81 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL70)| 7.81 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL76)| 7.81 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium spp.| 0.25 － 2| 340| Bifidobacterium thermophilum (ATCC 25866)| 7.8 － ?| 741| Borrelia burgdorferi S.L.| 1.25 － 2| 1129| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (ATCC 27164 + K4S)| 4 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (E1)| 4 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (E7)| 2 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (E8)| 8 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (K4p16)| 128 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (K4R)| 128 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P2R)| 2 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P2S)| 1 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P4R)| 16 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P4S)| 2 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P5R)| 8 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P5S)| 2 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P6R)| 16 － ?| 612| Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (P6S)| 4 － ?| 612| Brucella| 0.25 － 4| 1388| Brucella suis (ATCC 27531)| 15.6 － ?| 741| Campylobacter coli (Iran Shiraz)| 16 － 64| 1393| Campylobacter coli (Iran Tonekabon)| 16 － 64| 1393| Campylobacter jejuni| ? － ?| 62| Campylobacter jejuni| ? － ?| 491| Campylobacter jejuni (Iran Shiraz)| 16 － 64| 1393| Campylobacter jejuni (Iran Tonekabon)| 16 － 64| 1393| Campylobacter lari (Iran Shiraz)| 16 － 64| 1393| Campylobacter lari (Iran Tonekabon)| 8 － 64| 1393| Campylobacter spp.| ≤2 － 16| 829| Clostridium bifermentans| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium butyricum| 0.5 － 4| 1475| Clostridium clostridioforme| 0.5 － 4| 1475| Clostridium difficile| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium difficile| ? － ?| 381| Clostridium perfringens| 0.5 － 2| 340| Clostridium perfringens| 0.5 － 2| 1475| Clostridium perfringens| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124)| 2 － ?| 650| Clostridium perfringens (NRRL B-3526)| 3.9 － ?| 843| Clostridium ramosum| 0.5 － 4| 1475| Clostridium ramosum| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium septicum| 0.5 － 4| 1475| Clostridium species (NOS)| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium spiroforme (A7)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (A8)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (B61)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (BA 1)| 2 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (C121)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (CED 1)| 2 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (D11)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (D13)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (D14)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (NCTC 11493)| 4 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (RPO 980)| 2 － ?| 650| Clostridium sporogenes| 0.5 － 4| 1475| Clostridium sporogenes| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium spp.| 0.015 － 4| 340| Corynebacterium spp.| 1 － >16| 123| Diplococcus pneumoniae| 12.5 － 100| 1413| Eikenella corrodens| ≤2 － >8| 144| Enterobacter aerogenes| 125 － ?| 1348| Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048)| 4 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (CMCC(B) 45103)| 2 － ?| 242| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA27)| >256 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA289)| >256 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA294)| 64 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA298)| 64 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA3)| >256 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA5)| >256 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter aerogenes (EA-CM64)| 256 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter cloacae| 7.8 － ?| 494| Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 13047)| <2 － ?| 1587| Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 23355)| 15.6 － ?| 494| Enterobacter cloacae (BW 1150)| ? － ?| 1392| Enterobacter cloacae (Ec07769)| >256 － ?| 1446| Enterobacter cloacae (Ec1194)| 2 － ?| 1446| Enterobacteriaceae| 0.25 － 128| 401| Enterococci| 1 － 128| 401| Enterococcus faecalis| 0.25 － >16| 123| Enterococcus faecalis| 6.25 － >100| 1030| Enterococcus faecalis| 31 － ?| 884| Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)| 4 － ?| 401| Enterococcus faecalis (broiler isolate)| 6.25 － 100| 1030| Enterococcus faecalis (cattle isolate)| 6.25 － 50| 1030| Enterococcus faecalis (chloram-phenicol-intermediate)| 16 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecalis (chloram-phenicol-resistant)| >32 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecalis (Periapical lesions)| 3 － >256| 407| Enterococcus faecalis (pig isolate)| 6.25 － >100| 1030| Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycin-resistant)| 4 － >16| 483| Enterococcus faecium| ≤0.12 － >16| 123| Enterococcus faecium| 0.78 － 50| 1030| Enterococcus faecium (ACA-DC 3350)| 8 － ?| 910| Enterococcus faecium (ACA-DC 3359)| 4 － ?| 910| Enterococcus faecium (broiler isolate)| 3.13 － 25| 1030| Enterococcus faecium (cattle isolate)| 0.78 － 6.25| 1030| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-intermediate)| 16 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-intermediate)| 16 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-intermediate)| 16 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-resistant)| 32 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-resistant)| 32 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-resistant)| 32 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-resistant)| 32 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (chloram-phenicol-susceptible)| 8 － ?| 108| Enterococcus faecium (clinical isolate + vancomycin-resistant)| 2 － 64| 477| Enterococcus faecium (PCD 71)| 8 － ?| 910| Enterococcus faecium (PCK 38)| 4 － ?| 910| Enterococcus faecium (PCK 45)| 4 － ?| 910| Enterococcus faecium (pig isolate)| 3.13 － 50| 1030| Enterococcus faecium (preclinical isolate + vancomycin-resistant)| 0.25 － 64| 477| Enterococcus faecium (Quinupristin/Dalfopristin-resistant)| ≤2 － >16| 483| Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant)| ≤2 － >16| 483| Enterococcus hirae| 3.13 － 50| 1030| Enterococcus spp.| 4 － >16| 123| Enterococcus spp. (vancomycin-resistant)| >16 － ?| 39| Enterococcus spp. (vancomycin-susceptible)| >16 － ?| 39| Escherichia coli| 2 － 2048| 946| Escherichia coli| 1 － >512| 436| Escherichia coli| 0.015 － ?| 1139| Escherichia coli| 2 － 256| 873| Escherichia coli| <2 － ?| 1225| Escherichia coli| <2 － ?| 1312| Escherichia coli| <2 － ?| 1316| Escherichia coli| 4 － ?| 1559| Escherichia coli| 7.8 － ?| 494| Escherichia coli| 14.4 － ?| 1257| Escherichia coli| 15.6 － ?| 1249| Escherichia coli| 20 － ?| 1510| Escherichia coli| 50 － ?| 1367| Escherichia coli| 50 － ?| 715| Escherichia coli| 50 － ?| 715| Escherichia coli| 62.5 － ?| 1348| Escherichia coli| >128 － ?| 1002| Escherichia coli| 10000 － ?| 1503| Escherichia coli (0157:H7)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Escherichia coli (AG100)| 4 － ?| 1365| Escherichia coli (AG100)| 4 － ?| 1446| Escherichia coli (AG100A)| 0.5 － ?| 1446| Escherichia coli (AG102)| 32 － ?| 1446| Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536)| 1 － ?| 1446| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| <2 － ?| 1587| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 2 － ?| 242| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 4 － ?| 650| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 4 － ?| 424| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 4 － ?| 401| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 25 － ?| 1525| Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739)| 4 － ?| 1365| Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739)| 4 － ?| 1446| Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739)| 7.8 － ?| 494| Escherichia coli (C921-61)| 4 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (chicken isolate)| ? － ?| 1037| Escherichia coli (CP78)| 0.1 － ?| 313| Escherichia coli (CP79)| 0.1 － ?| 313| Escherichia coli (EC14 + Bioluminescence)| 8 － ?| 889| Escherichia coli (EC14 + Turbidity)| 8 － ?| 889| Escherichia coli (enteroaggregative)| ? － ?| 491| Escherichia coli (enteroaggregative)| ? － ?| 62| Escherichia coli (enteroinvasive + 0461-4)| 2 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enteroinvasive + 1381-7)| 2 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enteroinvasive + 240-1)| 2 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enteropathogenic + 0031-2)| 8 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enteropathogenic + 0119)| 2 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enteropathogenic + 0551)| 4 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enteropathogenic + E234869)| 4 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic + 063)| 4 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic + 5041-1)| 8 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic + 6/81H5J)| 4 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic + TR 441)| 8 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic)| ? － ?| 491| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic)| ? － ?| 62| Escherichia coli (HB 101)| ? － ?| 1392| Escherichia coli (HB101::pBglII)| 32 － ?| 729| Escherichia coli (K-10)| 16 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (K-12)| 32 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (MG1655)| 8 － ?| 909| Escherichia coli (N43 + acr(A))| 2 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (N818 + acr(A))| 8 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418)| 2 － ?| 401| Escherichia coli (O157:H7)| 250 － ?| 843| Escherichia coli (shiga-toxin producer + 0157)| 2 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (shiga-toxin producer + 2781-8)| 4 － ?| 876| Escherichia coli (swine isolate)| ? － ?| 1037| Escherichia coli (W4573 + parent)| 2 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli acr (HB101::pBluescript)| 2 － ?| 729| Eubacterium spp.| 0.12 － 2| 340| Fusobacterium mortiferum| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Fusobacterium necrophorum| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Fusobacterium necrophorum| 1.6 － 42.5| 1444| Fusobacterium nucleatum| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Fusobacterium nucleatum| ? － ?| 381| Fusobacterium spp.| 0.03 － 16| 340| Fusobacterium spp.| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Fusobacterium varium| 0.5 － 32| 1475| Haemophilus influenzae| 0.25 － 16| 769| Haemophilus influenzae| ≤2 － >16| 500| Haemophilus influenzae| 0.4 － 0.8| 1413| Haemophilus influenzae (ATCC 31517)| 0.25 － ?| 88| Haemophilus influenzae (ESBL)| ≤0.12 － 4| 267| Haemophilus influenzae (ESBL)| ≤8 － ?| 195| Haemophilus influenzae (non-ESBL + ampicillin-resistant)| ≤0.012 － 0.5| 267| Haemophilus influenzae (non-ESBL)| ≤8 － 16| 195| Haemophilus influenzae (Spain 7)| 0.78 － ?| 313| Haemophilus influenzae (VHIN6529)| 0.25 － ?| 88| Haemophilus influenzae (VHIN6536)| 0.25 － ?| 88| Haemophilus spp.| 0.06 － 128| 401| Klebsiella pneumonia| 0.98 － ?| 1249| Klebsiella pneumonia| <2 － ?| 1312| Klebsiella pneumonia| <2 － ?| 1316| Klebsiella pneumonia| 3.9 － ?| 1348| Klebsiella pneumonia| 7.8 － ?| 494| Klebsiella pneumonia| 12.8 － ?| 1257| Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 10031)| 3.9 － ?| 494| Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 10031)| 256 － ?| 1183| Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 11296)| 4 － ?| 1365| Klebsiella pneumonia (G340)| 128 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (G595)| 4 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7535)| 256 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7736)| 256 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7737)| >512 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (NCIM 2957)| 6.25 － ?| 1058| Klebsiella pneumoniae| 8 － ?| 1559| Klebsiella pneumoniae| 12.5 － ?| 1585| Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031)| <2 － ?| 1587| Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 11296)| 2 － ?| 1446| Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP55)| 32 － ?| 1446| Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP63)| >256 － ?| 1446| Lactobacillus acidophilus| 0.125 － 8| 878| Lactobacillus acidophilus (CRL 1251)| 250 － ?| 1268| Lactobacillus acidophilus (CRL 1266)| 250 － ?| 1268| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379 + oxgall-stressed)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379 + pH 2.0)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379)| 0.98 － ?| 748| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + oxgall-stressed)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + pH 2.0)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + pH 4.0)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Klebsiella pneumonia| 12.8 － ?| 1257| Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 10031)| 3.9 － ?| 494| Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 10031)| 256 － ?| 1183| Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 11296)| 4 － ?| 1365| Klebsiella pneumonia (G340)| 128 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (G595)| 4 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7535)| 256 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7736)| 256 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7737)| >512 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (NCIM 2957)| 6.25 － ?| 1058| Klebsiella pneumoniae| 8 － ?| 1559| Klebsiella pneumoniae| 12.5 － ?| 1585| Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031)| <2 － ?| 1587| Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 11296)| 2 － ?| 1446| Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP55)| 32 － ?| 1446| Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP63)| >256 － ?| 1446| Lactobacillus acidophilus| 0.125 － 8| 878| Lactobacillus acidophilus (CRL 1251)| 250 － ?| 1268| Lactobacillus acidophilus (CRL 1266)| 250 － ?| 1268| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379 + oxgall-stressed)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379 + pH 2.0)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379)| 0.98 － ?| 748| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + oxgall-stressed)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + pH 2.0)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + pH 4.0)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052)| 0.98 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus pentosus (PCD 101)| 8 － ?| 910| Lactobacillus plantarum| 0.5 － 4| 1036| Lactobacillus plantarum| 2 － ?| 878| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387 + oxgall-stressed)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387 + pH 2.0)| 125 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387 + pH 4.0)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202 + oxgall-stressed)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202 + pH 2.0)| 125 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202 + pH 4.0)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078 + oxgall-stressed)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078 + pH 2.0)| 125 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078 + pH 4.0)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096 + oxgall-stressed)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096 + pH 2.0)| 125 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096 + pH 4.0)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus reuteri| 200 － ?| 1424| Lactobacillus rhamnosus| 0.5 － 8| 878| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 + oxgall-stressed)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 + pH 2.0)| 7.8 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 + pH 4.0)| 1.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039 + oxgall-stressed)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039 + pH 2.0)| 250 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039 + pH 4.0)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039)| 3.9 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus salivarius (CRL 1328)| 250 － ?| 1268| Lactobacillus sp.| 0.125 － 8| 878| Lactobacillus spp. (L09)| 8 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L36)| 8 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L44)| 8 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L48)| 8 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L49)| 8 － ?| 908| Leuconostoc mesenteroides (PCD 119)| 8 － ?| 910| Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (PCK 18)| 8 － ?| 910| Listeria ivanovii (ATCC 19119)| 1 － ?| 882| Listeria monocytogenes| 1.95 － ?| 1348| Listeria monocytogenes| 125 － ?| 843| Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115)| 0.5 － ?| 882| Listeria spp. (Etest)| 4 － >256| 848| Micrococcus kristinae| <0.5 － ?| 1316| Micrococcus kristinae| <0.5 － ?| 1312| Micrococcus kristinae| 1 － ?| 1302| Micrococcus kristinae| 1 － ?| 1183| Micrococcus kristinae| <2 － ?| 1225| Micrococcus kristinae| <2 － ?| 1587| Micrococcus luteus| 1 － ?| 1183| Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341)| 1.95 － ?| 494| Micrococcus luteus (CMCC(B) 28001)| 2 － ?| 242| Moraxella catarrhalis| ≤2 － ?| 500| Moraxella catarrhalis| ≤8 － ?| 195| Moraxella catarrhalis (489)| 0.78 － ?| 313| Mycobacterium smegmatis| 16 － ?| 614| Mycobacterium smegmatis (A-2572U)| 8 － ?| 614| Mycobacterium smegmatis (C2055A)| 16 － 32| 614| Mycobacterium smegmatis (G2447U)| 32 － ?| 614| Mycobacterium smegmatis (U2504G)| >64 － ?| 614| Mycoplasma hominis| 8 － ?| 1006| Neisseria gonorrhoeae (penicillin-susceptible)| 0.125 － 1| 1408| Neisseria spp.| 0.06 － 8| 401| Nocardia asteroides| 12.5 － >=400| 1404| Pandoraea pnomenusa| 16 － ?| 1459| Parvimonas micra| 0.75 － 6| 1452| Pediococcus acidilactici (HA-6111-2)| 4 － ?| 820| Pediococcus pentosaceus (PCD 215)| 8 － ?| 910| Pediococcus pentosaceus (PCD 237)| 8 － ?| 910| Peptococcus asaccharolyticus| ? － ?| 1385| Peptoniphilus harei| 1.5 － 4| 1452| Peptoniphilus lacrimalis| 0.75 － 3| 1452| Peptoniphilus octavius| 2 － ?| 1452| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius| ? － ?| 1385| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius| 1 － 32| 1475| Peptostreptococcus magnus| 1 － 32| 1475| Peptostreptococcus micros| 1 － 32| 1475| Peptostreptococcus spp.| 0.03 － 4| 340| Peptostreptococcus spp.| 1 － 32| 1475| Peptostreptococcus spp.| ? － ?| 381| Prevotella spp.| ? － ?| 381| Propionibacterium| ? － ?| 381| Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii (131)| 1 － ?| 1029| Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii (JS)| 2 － ?| 1029| Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii (NCIMB 10585)| 1 － ?| 1029| Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii (NCIMB 5959)| 0.5 － ?| 1029| Proteus vulgaris| 0.007 － ?| 1139| Proteus vulgaris| 8 － ?| 1183| Proteus vulgaris| 10 － ?| 1559| Proteus vulgaris| 31.25 － ?| 1348| Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6830)| <2 － ?| 1587| Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6830)| 8 － ?| 1302| Proteus vulgaris (CMCC(B) 49001)| 0.25 － ?| 242| Proteus vulgaris (CSIR 0030)| 8 － ?| 1183| Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027)| 12.5 － ?| 1058| Providencia smartii (ATCC 29916)| 32 － ?| 1365| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 0.062 － ?| 1139| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| <2 － ?| 1316| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 6 － ?| 1559| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| <10 － ?| 1312| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 12.5 － ?| 776| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 15.6 － ?| 1249| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| <20 － ?| 1225| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 50 － ?| 1367| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 50 － ?| 714| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 50 － ?| 715| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 250 － ?| 1348| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 250 － ?| 494| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582)| <20 － ?| 1587| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582)| 128 － ?| 1302| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)| 32 － ?| 242| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)| 55 － ?| 1525| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)| >64 － ?| 424| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027)| 250 － ?| 494| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (F4980)| 32 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (F66336)| 8 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (H4563)| 16 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LESB58)| 64 － ?| 1395| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M18)| 64 － ?| 1395| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M22152)| 16 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M37310)| 16 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M38100A)| 4 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M38100B)| 16 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 10662)| 128 － ?| 401| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NRRL B-23)| 62.5 － ?| 843| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OHD)| 128 － ?| 913| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01)| 64 － ?| 1365| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA124)| 256 － ?| 1446| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO)| 64 － ?| 913| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1)| 128 － ?| 1446| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1)| 128 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (T15464)| 32 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (T2095)| 32 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (T5177)| 16 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (T6268)| 16 － ?| 955| Pseudomonas pseudomallei| 1.6 － >100| 1435| Pseudomonas solanacearum| 6000 － ?| 1503| Pseudomonas stutzeri (ATCC 17588)| 31.25 － ?| 1382| Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola| 3.91 － ?| 1348| Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae| 7.81 － ?| 1348| Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato| 31.25 － ?| 1348| Ralstonia solanacearum| 20 － ?| 1510| Rhodococcus equi (macrolide-resistant + 48h)| 32 － 64| 1042| Rhodococcus equi (macrolide-resistant)| 4 － 64| 1042| Rhodococcus equi (macrolide-susceptible + 48h)| 8 － 64| 1042| Rhodococcus equi (macrolide-susceptible)| 4 － 32| 1042| Ruminococcus gnavus| 3 － ?| 1452| Salmonella Paratyphi| 12.4 － ?| 1257| Salmonella poona| <10 － ?| 1316| Salmonella sp.| 22 － ?| 884| Salmonella spp.| ? － ?| 491| Salmonella spp.| ? － ?| 62| Salmonella spp.| 4 － ?| 1302| Salmonella typhi| <2 － ?| 1225| Salmonella typhi| 6 － ?| 884| Salmonella typhi| 12.8 － ?| 1257| Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539)| 4 － ?| 1365| Salmonella typhimurium| 0.007 － ?| 1139| Salmonella typhimurium| 0.98 － ?| 1249| Salmonella typhimurium| 62.5 － ?| 1348| Salmonella typhimurium (L133)| 4 － ?| 1008| Salmonella typhimurium (LT2)| 2 － ?| 955| Salmonella typhimurium (LX1054)| 2000 － ?| 1122| Salmonella typhimurium (NRLL B-4420)| 15.6 － ?| 843| Salmonella typhimurium (SL1344)| 4 － ?| 1008| Salmonella typhimurium (T39)| 32000 － ?| 1122| Serratia marcescens| <2 － ?| 1312| Serratia marcescens| <2 － ?| 1316| Shigella| 0.25 － 64| 1429| Shigella boydii (ATCC 9207)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Shigella dysenteriae| <2 － ?| 1225| Shigella flexneri| ? － ?| 491| Shigella flexneri| ? － ?| 62| Shigella flexneri| 4 － 256| 1085| Shigella flexneri| 4 － ?| 1302| Shigella sonnei| ? － ?| 62| Shigella sonnei| ? － ?| 491| Shigella sonnei| 2 － 256| 1085| Shigella sonnei| 0.98 － ?| 1249| Staphylococci| 1 － 32| 1440| Staphylococci (coagulase-negative + oxacillin-resistant)| >16 － ?| 39| Staphylococci (coagulase-negative + oxacillin-susceptible)| 8 － ?| 39| Staphylococci (coagulase-negative)| ≤0.12 － >16| 123| Staphylococci (teicoplanin-resistant + coagulase-negative)| ≤2 － >16| 483| Staphylococcus aureus| 0.06 － >32| 769| Staphylococcus aureus| 2 － >16| 191| Staphylococcus aureus| 1.26 － 100| 326| Staphylococcus aureus| ≤0.12 － >16| 123| Staphylococcus aureus| 2 － ?| 401| Staphylococcus aureus| <2 － ?| 1316| Staphylococcus aureus| <2 － ?| 1312| Staphylococcus aureus| <2 － ?| 1225| Staphylococcus aureus| >4 － ?| 666| Staphylococcus aureus| 6.25 － ?| 313| Staphylococcus aureus| 6.25 － ?| 1585| Staphylococcus aureus| 7.81 － ?| 1348| Staphylococcus aureus| 8 － ?| 1323| Staphylococcus aureus| 12 － ?| 1559| Staphylococcus aureus| 13 － ?| 494| Staphylococcus aureus| 14.4 － ?| 1257| Staphylococcus aureus| 20 － ?| 1510| Staphylococcus aureus| 20 － ?| 1548| Staphylococcus aureus| 50 － ?| 1367| Staphylococcus aureus| 50 － ?| 715| Staphylococcus aureus| 50 － ?| 714| Staphylococcus aureus| 62.5 － ?| 1249| Staphylococcus aureus| >128 － ?| 1002| Staphylococcus aureus (1-63)| 4 － ?| 621| Staphylococcus aureus (31593)| 32 － ?| 215| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600)| 15.6 － ?| 1382| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25922)| 4 － ?| 1365| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 + methicillin-susceptible)| 1 － ?| 242| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)| 4 － ?| 621| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)| 8 － ?| 424| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)| 8 － ?| 650| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)| 25 － ?| 1525| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)| 8 － ?| 215| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)| 8 － ?| 615| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)| 16 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591)| 32 － ?| 615| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 35556)| 8 － ?| 955| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)| 2 － ?| 1183| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)| 2 － ?| 1302| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)| <2 － ?| 1587| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)| 15.6 － ?| 494| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P)| 0.125 － ?| 882| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6571)| 2 － ?| 401| Staphylococcus aureus (CMAH 0430 clinical isolate + methicillin-resistant)| 1 － ?| 242| Staphylococcus aureus (CMAH 0504 clinical isolate + methicillin-resistant)| 2 － ?| 242| Staphylococcus aureus (CMAH 0515 clinical isolate + methicillin-resistant)| 2 － ?| 242| Staphylococcus aureus (JSB20013)| 16 － ?| 748| Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant)| 0.062 － ?| 1139| Staphylococcus aureus (MU50)| 8 － ?| 955| Staphylococcus aureus (N315)| 8 － ?| 955| Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 5021)| 6.25 － ?| 1058| Staphylococcus aureus (NRRL B-767)| 7.8 － ?| 843| Staphylococcus aureus (OKOH1)| 4 － ?| 1302| Staphylococcus aureus (oxacillin-resistant)| >16 － ?| 39| Staphylococcus aureus (oxacillin-susceptible)| 8 － ?| 39| Staphylococcus aureus (RN1024)| 8 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (RN1024-tms)| 8 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220 + pCU1)| >64 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220 + pCU1vgaAv)| >64 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220 + pVGA)| 8 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220)| 8 － ?| 601| Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220 |
