SKU: I004  / 
    CAS Number: 54-85-3

    Isoniazid

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    Isoniazid is a bactericidal and bacteriostatic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of tuberculosis.

    Mechanism of Action

    Isoniazid itself is not toxic to the bacterial cell, but acts as a prodrug and is activated by the Mycobacterial enzyme KatG, a catalase-peroxidase.  This enzyme prevents the formation of unstable oxygen radicals.  Once activated, isoniazid binds to and inactivates InhA, an enoyl-reductase involved in mycolic acid synthesis.

    The inhibition of cell wall lipid synthesis, depletion of nucleic acid pools and metabolic depression contribute to the potency and selectivity.

    SpectrumIsoniazid targets Mycoplasma species including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. kansasii.
    Microbiology ApplicationsA missense mutation within the Mycobacterial inhA gene was shown to confer resistance to Isoniazid in M. smegmatis and M. bovis. The wild-type inhA gene also conferred resistance when transferred on a multicopy plasmid vector to M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG. (Banerjee et al, 1994).
    References

    Banerjee A et al (1994)  InhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 263(5144):227-230

    Johnsson K (1994)  Studies on the mechanism of action of Isoniazid and Ethionamide in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Amer. Chem. Soc. Vol 5009-010

    Timmins GS and Deretic V (2006)  Mechanisms of action of Isoniazid. Molec. Microbiol. 62(5):1220-1227

    MICMycobacteria| ? - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium aurum| >256 - ?| 1629| Mycobacterium aurum (ATCC 23366)| 0.06 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium aurum (Pasteur Institute 104482)| 2 - ?| 346| Mycobacterium avium| ? - ?| 301| Mycobacterium avium (ATCC 19421)| 100 - ?| 168| Mycobacterium avium (NIHJ 1605)| 1 - ?| 394| Mycobacterium bovis (ATCC 19210)| 0.25 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium bovis (BCG + kas(A))| 0.07 - ?| 415| Mycobacterium bovis (BCG + kas(AB))| 0.05 - ?| 415| Mycobacterium bovis (BCG + kas(B))| 0.05 - ?| 415| Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)| 0.06 - ?| 415| Mycobacterium chelonae (ATCC 14472)| >32 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium fortuitum| 0.25 - ?| 1629| Mycobacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841)| 0.5 - ?| 346| Mycobacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841)| 0.5 - ?| 226| Mycobacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841)| 2 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium fortuitum (clinical isolate)| 2 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium gordonae| 8 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium intracellulare| ? - ?| 301| Mycobacterium intracellulare (ATCC 1954 E-3)| 8 - ?| 394| Mycobacterium kansasii (ATCC 12478)| 2 - ?| 394| Mycobacterium kansasii (clinical isolate)| 4 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (ATCC 27294 + H38Rv + isoniazid-susceptible + rifampin-su)| 0.025 - 0.05| 458| Mycobacterium phlei| 2 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium phlei| 4 - ?| 992| Mycobacterium phlei (ATCC 11758)| 2 - ?| 346| Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (ATCC 19981)| 0.5 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (clinical isolate)| 2 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 14468)| 2 - ?| 346| Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 14468)| 8 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium smegmatis (mc155)| 2.5 - ?| 720| Mycobacterium smegmatis (mc2163)| 2 - ?| 992| Mycobacterium smegmatis (NJS30A)| 2.5 - ?| 720| Mycobacterium smegmatis (NJS30C)| 2.5 - ?| 720| Mycobacterium smegmatis (NJS31)| 2.5 - ?| 720| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.06 - 64| 335| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| ? - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| ? - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.02 - 0.06| 998| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.03 - ?| 1528| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.06 - 0.48| 254| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.06 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 50 - ?| 1013| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 20000 - ?| 1308| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (14d)| 2.2 - ?| 690| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (180)| 0.05 - ?| 641| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (190)| 16 - ?| 641| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (210)| 0.05 - ?| 720| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (331)| 0.05 - ?| 641| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (7d)| 1.4 - ?| 690| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 25177 + H37Ra)| 0.1 - ?| 1334| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 25180)| 10 - ?| 1577| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294 + isoniazid-resistant)| 30 - ?| 254| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294)| 0.015 - ?| 1128| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294)| 0.025 - 0.2| 644| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294)| 0.03 - ?| 720| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294)| 0.04 - ?| 254| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294)| 0.5 - ?| 641| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 35801 + Erdman)| 1.6 - ?| 1007| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 35801)| 0.06 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BACTEC 460 + H37Ra)| 0.05 - ?| 997| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BACTEC 460 + H37Ragfp)| 0.0125 - 0.05| 997| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Beijing)| 0.125 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (GFPMA H37Ragfp)| 0.0125 - 0.05| 997| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra)| 10 - ?| 1007| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv + isoniazid-resistant)| >1 - ?| 1332| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV)| 0.03 - ?| 1095| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv)| 0.06 - ?| 1332| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv)| 0.1 - ?| 1547| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv)| 0.5 - ?| 1158| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv)| 10 - ?| 1007| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isoniazid-resistant + rifampicin-resistant)| 1 - 64| 335| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isoniazid-resistant)| >8 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isoniazid-resistant)| 50 - ?| 168| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (levofloxacin-resistant)| ? - ?| 301| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (levofloxacin-susceptible)| ? - ?| 301| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (multidrug drug resistant)| 2 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (multidrug drug resistant)| 4 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (multidrug-resistant)| ? - ?| 301| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (multidrug-resistant)| 1.33 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (non-multidrug-resistant)| ? - ?| 301| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (pH 5.5)| 0.16 - ?| 254| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (pH 6.8)| 0.04 - ?| 254| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (quinolone-resistant)| 0.03 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (streptomycin-resistant)| 0.125 - ?| 993| Mycobacterium vaccae (ATCC 15483)| 0.5 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium xenopi (ATCC 19970)| 0.125 - ?| 1084| Mycobacterium xenopi (clinical isolate)| 2 - ?| 1084|