SKU: L001  / 
    CAS Number: 138199-71-0

    Levofloxacin

    $8,109.80 - $62,109.20

    Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum third-generation fluoroquinolone and one of the isomers of ofloxacin, specificlaly the optical S-(-) isomer.  It is a DNA gyrase inhibitor shown to inhibit topoisomerase IV.  Levofloxacin was patented in 1985 and is one of the later generation fluoroquinolones referred to as 'respiratory quinolones'.  Levofloxacin is insoluble in aqueous solution. 

    Application Levofloxacin can be used in pharmacokinetic studies and to research antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
    Mechanism of Action Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase (specifically type II topoisomerase) an enzyme which reduces DNA strain during replication. Because DNA gyrase is required during DNA replication, subsequent DNA synthesis and ultimately cell division is inhibited.  It has also been shown to inhibit topoisomerase IV, which is another type II topoisomerase.  
    Spectrum Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting most aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.  It is moderately active against anaerobes.  It can also be used against Mycoplasmas.   It is effective against pathogens causing pneumonia such as  Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
    Impurity Profile Impurity A| (-)-(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid; N-Desmethyl Levofloxacin|117707-40-1|C17H18FN3O4|347.34| Impurity B| 8,9-Difluoro-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydro-6H-1-oxa-3a-aza-phenalene-5-carboxylic acid; Levofloxacin Difluoro Carboxylic Acid|100986-89-8|C13H9F2NO4|281.21| Impurity C| Ethyl (S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylate ; Levofloxacin Ethyl Ester|177472-30-9|C20H24FN3O4|389.42| Impurity D||||| Impurity UN1| LEVOFLOXACIN N-OXIDE ; (-)-(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid N-oxide||C18H20FN3O5|377.37| Levofloxacin R-Isomer| (+)-(R)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid; (R)-(+)-Ofloxacin; D-Ofloxacin; D-Levofloxacin|100986-86-5|C18H20FN3O4|361.37| Levofloxacin Desethylene Impurity| N,N*-Desethylene Levofloxacin Hydrochloride; (-)-(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-[(2-methylamino)ethylamino]-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine||C16H19ClFN3O4|371.79| Levofloxacin Descarboxy Impurity| (-)-(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine|178964-53-9|C17H20FN3O2|317.36| Levofloxacin Desethylene Diformyl Impurity| Desethylene Diformyl Levofloxacin; N,N*-Desethylene-N,N*-diformyl Levofloxacin; (S)-9-Fluoro-10-[formyl[2-(formylmethylamino)ethyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid|151377-74-1|C18H18FN3O6|391.35| Levofloxacin Desfluoro Impurity| (-)-(S)-2,3-Dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid|117620-85-6|C18H21N3O4|343.38|
    Microbiology Applications Levofloxacin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options.  Representative MIC values include:
    • Haemophilus influenzae 0.00625 µg/mL – 1 µg/mL
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.05 µg/mL - 4 µg/mL
    • For a representative list of Levofloxacin MIC values, click here.

    Resistance to fluoroquinolones is common in Staphyloccus and Pseudomonas.  Resistance occurs in multiple ways, one way is via alteration in topoisomerase IV enzyme.  

    Molecular Formula C18H20FN3O4 • 0.5H2O
    Solubility Chloroform: Soluble
    Glacial acetic acid: Soluble
    Water: Insoluble
    References

    Bebear CM, Renaudin H, Bryskier A, Bebear C (2000) Comparative activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647), levofloxacin, and other Antimicrobial Agents against human Mycoplasmas . Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother.  44 (7) 1980-1982  PMID  10858366

    Davis R and Bryson HM (1994)  Levofloxacin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 47(4):677-700  PMID 7516863

    Wolfson JS and Hooper DC (1985)  The fluoroquinolones: Structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.  28(4):581-586  PMID  3000292

    MIC Aeromonas spp.| 0.0625|| Alcaligenes faecalis| 0.39 - 25|| Bacillus circulans| 0.25 - 8|| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051)| 6.25|| Bacteroides capillosus | ≤0.06 - >8|| Bacteroides distasonis| 0.5 - 128|| Bacteroides eggerthii| 4|| Bacteroides fragilis| 0.5 - 128|| Bacteroides merdae| 0.25 - >32|| Bacteroides ovatus| 0.25 - 256|| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron| 1 - 256|| Bacteroides uniformis| 4 - 128|| Bacteroides ureolyticus| ≤0.06 - >8|| Bacteroides vulgatus| 1 - 256|| Bifidobacterium adolescentis| 0.25 - >32|| Bifidobacterium bifidum | 8|| Bifidobacterium breve| 0.25 - 8|| Bifidobacterium longum| 0.25 - 8|| Bifidobacterium pseudolongum| 8|| Bifidobacterium sp.| 0.25 - >32|| Bilophila wadsworthia| 0.25 - 16|| Brevibacterium spp.| 0.12 - 8|| Brucella melitensis| 0.5|| Burkholderia cepacia| 0.25 - 512|| Campylobacter coli| 0.015 - 128|| Campylobacter concisus| ≤0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter gracilis| ≤0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter jejuni| 0.015 - 128|| Campylobacter mucosalis| ≤0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter rectus| ≤0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter showae| ≤0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter spp.| 0.25|| Campylobacter sputorum| ≤0.06 - >8|| Capnocytophaga ochracea | ≤0.06 - >8|| Capnocytophaga spp.| 0.006 - 2|| Chlamydia pneumonia| 0.125 - 1|| Chlamydia psittaci| 0.5|| Chlamydia trachomatis| 0.12 - 1|| Chlamydophila pneumonia| 0.5|| Citrobacter diversus| 0.015 - 0.125|| Citrobacter freundii| ≤0.00625 - >64|| Citrobacter koseri| 0.015 - >8|| Citrobacter spp.| 0.008 - 64|| Clostridium baratii| 0.5 - 4|| Clostridium bifermentans| 0.5 - 4|| Clostridium cadaveris| 0.12 - 16|| Clostridium clostridioforme| 16|| Clostridium difficile| 1 - 128|| Clostridium hastiforme| 0.5 - 4|| Clostridium innocuum| 0.12 - 16|| Clostridium malenominatum| 0.12 - 16|| Clostridium oroticum| 0.12 - 16|| Clostridium paraputrificum (ATCC 25780)| 1|| Clostridium perfringens| 0.12 - 32|| Clostridium putrificum| 0.25|| Clostridium ramosum| 0.5 - 8|| Clostridium septicum| 0.125|| Clostridium sordellii| 0.12 - 16|| Clostridium sporogenes| 0.12 - 16|| Clostridium spp.| 0.06 - 32|| Clostridium tertium| 0.5 - 4|| Collinsella aerofaciens| ≤0.06 - 2|| Corynebacterium afermentans| 0.12 - 8|| Corynebacterium amycolatum| 0.12 - 64|| Corynebacterium jeikeium| 0.12 - 16|| Corynebacterium minutissimum| 0.06 - 16|| Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum| 0.25 - 16|| Corynebacterium spp.| 0.125 - 64|| Corynebacterium striatum| 0.12 - 64|| Corynebacterium urealyticum| 0.12 - >128|| Coryneform| 0.12 - 8|| Desulfovibrio piger | 0.125|| Dialister pneumosintes | ≤0.06 - >8|| Eggerthella lenta| 0.5|| Eikenella corrodens| ≤0.06|| Enterobacter aerogenes| ≤0.008 -64|| Enterobacter agglomerans| ≤0.25 - >8|| Enterobacter cloacae| ≤0.003 - 64|| Enterobacter sakazakii| ≤0.25 - 2|| Enterobacter spp.| <0.004 - 64|| Enterobacteriaceae| ≤0.008 - >16|| Enterococci| 0.5 - 50|| Enterococcus avium| 0.06 - >64|| Enterococcus casseliflavus| 0.06 - >4|| Enterococcus durans| 0.06 - >4|| Enterococcus faecalis| 0.006 - 9750|| Enterococcus faecium| 0.06 - >128|| Enterococcus gallinarum| 0.06 - 32|| Enterococcus hirae| 0.06 - >4|| Enterococcus mundtii| 0.06 - >4|| Enterococcus raffinosus| 0.06 - >4|| Enterococcus spp.| 0.06 - >4|| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae| 0.06|| Erysipelothrix spp.| 0.06 - 0.12|| Escherichia coli| ≤0.004 - >128|| Eubacterium| 0.12 - 4|| Eubacterium lentum| ≤0.06 - 2|| Eubacterium limosum| 0.12 - 4|| Eubacterium nodatum| 0.12 - 4|| Eubacterium saburreum| 0.25 - >8|| Eubacterium spp.| ≤0.06 - 8|| Eubacterium timidum| ≤0.06 - 2|| Eubacterium yurii| ≤0.06 - 2|| Finegoldia magna| 0.094 - 128|| Fusobacteria| 0.5 - >32|| Fusobacterium| ≤0.015 - 4|| Fusobacterium mortiferum| 0.5 - 1|| Fusobacterium naviforme| 0.25 - >8|| Fusobacterium necrophorum| 0.25 - >8|| Fusobacterium nucleatum| ≤0.03 - >32|| Fusobacterium spp.| 0.03 - >32|| Fusobacterium varium| 4 - >32|| Gardnerella vaginalis| 0.5 - >8|| Gemella morbillorum| 0.006 - 2|| Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci| 0.25 - 8|| Haemophilus influenzae| ≤0.004 - 16|| Haemophilus parainfluenzae| 0.006 - 2|| Haemophilus spp.| 0.32 - 16|| Helicobacter pylori| 0.008 - 250|| Hemolytic streptococci| 0.25 - 2|| Hemophilus influenzae | 0.016 - 0.031|| Klebsiella| ≤0.03 - >8|| Klebsiella oxytoca| 0.015 - 8|| Klebsiella pneumonia| <0.004 - 128|| Klebsiella spp.| 0.015 - 1|| Lactobacillus acidophilus (JCM 1132)| 32|| Lactobacillus brevis (JCM 1059)| 8|| Lactobacillus casei (JCM 1134)| 1|| Lactobacillus catenaforme| 0.25 - 8|| Lactobacillus delbrueckii| 0.25 - 8|| Lactobacillus fermentum (JCM 1173)| 8|| Lactobacillus jensenii| 0.12 - 4|| Lactobacillus oris| 0.25 - 8|| Lactobacillus plantarum| 0.25 - 8|| Lactobacillus reuteri (JCM 1112)| 16|| Lactobacillus salivarius (JCM 1231)| 1|| Lactobacillus spp.| 0.12 - 8|| Legionella adelaidensis| ≥0.008|| Legionella anisa| ≥0.032|| Legionella birminghamiensis| ≥0.032|| Legionella bozemanii| ≥0.023|| Legionella brunensis| ≥0.032|| Legionella cherrii| ≥0.016|| Legionella cincinnatiensis| ≥0.016|| Legionella dumofii| ≥0.025|| Legionella erythra| ≥0.016|| Legionella fairfieldensis| ≥0.025|| Legionella feeleii| ≥0.04|| Legionella geestiana| ≥0.004|| Legionella gormanii| ≥0.023|| Legionella gratiana| ≥0.064|| Legionella hackeliae| ≥0.125|| Legionella israelensis| ≥0.016|| Legionella jamestowniensis| ≥0.032|| Legionella jordanis| ≥0.032|| Legionella lansingensis| 0.008 - 0.125|| Legionella longbeachae| ≥0.027|| Legionella maceachernii| ≥0.016|| Legionella micdadei| ≥0.018|| Legionella moravica| ≥0.008|| Legionella nautarum| ≥0.064|| Legionella oakridgensis| ≥0.016|| Legionella pneumophila| 0.002 - 0.5|| Legionella quateirensis| ≥0.008|| Legionella quinlivanii| ≥0.032|| Legionella rubrilucens| ≥0.016|| Legionella sainthelensi| ≥0.032|| Legionella santicrucis| ≥0.012|| Legionella shakespearei| ≥0.125|| Legionella spiritensis| ≥0.016|| Legionella spp.| 0.0039 - 0.06|| Legionella steigerwaltii| ≥0.024|| Legionella tucsonensis| ≥0.032|| Legionella wadsworthii| ≥0.008|| Legionella worsleiensis| ≥0.006|| Leptotrichia buccalis| 0.25 - >8|| Leuconostoc spp.| 1 - 2|| Leuconostoc spp.| <1000|| Listeria monocytogenes| 0.25 - 2|| Listeria spp.| 0.5 - 2|| Micrococcus luteus (LB 14110)| 200|| Micromonas micros| 0.125 - 0.5|| Moraxella catarrhalis| ≤0.006 - >4|| Moraxella sp.| 0.064|| Morganella morganii| 0.0125 - 64|| Morganella spp.| ≤0.25 - 64|| Mycobacterium abscessus| 1 - 64|| Mycobacterium avium| 0.5 - 64|| Mycobacterium chelonae| 0.25 - 64|| Mycobacterium fortuitum| ≤0.03 - 1|| Mycobacterium intracellulare| 16 - 25|| Mycobacterium marinum| 0.032 - 16|| Mycobacterium mucogenicum| 0.12 - 2|| Mycobacterium peregrinum| ≤0.03 - 0.25|| Mycobacterium tuberculosis| 0.0625 - 8|| Mycoplasma fermentans| ≤0.008 - 1|| Mycoplasma genitalium| 0.5 - 1|| Mycoplasma hominis| 0.016 - 2|| Mycoplasma penetrans| 0.06 - 0.25|| Mycoplasma pneumonia| 0.063 - 2|| Neisseria cinerea| 0.007 - 1|| Neisseria elongata | 0.008 - 1|| Neisseria lactamica| <0.003 - 0.015|| Neisseria meningitidis| ≤0.003 - 0.03|| Neisseria mucosa| 0.007 - 0.03|| Neisseria perflava/sicca| <0.003 - 0.12|| Neisseria polysaccharea| <0.003|| Neisseria sicca| 0.001 - 1|| Nonsporing gram-positive rods| 0.25 - 32|| Oerskovia spp.| 0.12 - 8|| Olsenella uli| 0.25 - 8|| Pantoea agglomerans| 0.015 - 0.06|| Parvimonas micra| 0.125 - 3|| Pasteurella multocida| <0.5|| Pediococcus spp.| 8|| Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus| 4 - 128|| Peptoniphilus gorbachii | 3 - 64|| Peptoniphilus harei | 2 - 64|| Peptoniphilus indolicus| 4|| Peptoniphilus ivorii | 0.38 - 64|| Peptoniphilus lacrimalis | 3 - 8|| Peptoniphilus octavius | 4|| Peptostreptococcus| ≤0.015 - 16|| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius| 0.12 - 128|| Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus| 0.12 - 25|| Peptostreptococcus magnus| 0.12 - 16|| Peptostreptococcus micros| 0.12 - 16|| Peptostreptococcus prevotii| 0.12 - 16|| Peptostreptococcus spp.| 0.12 - 664|| Peptostreptococcus tetradius| 0.25 - 16|| Plesiomonas shigelloides| 0.0625|| Pneumococci| 0.5 - >32|| Porphyromonas| ≤0.015 - 16|| Porphyromonas endodontalis | ≤0.06 - >32|| Porphyromonas gingivalis| ≤0.06 - >8|| Porphyromonas spp.| 0.06 - 2|| Prevotella bivia| ≤0.03 - 16|| Prevotella buccalis| ≤0.06 - >8|| Prevotella corporis | 0.125 - 4|| Prevotella dentalis | ≤0.06 - >8|| Prevotella denticola| 0.125 - 16|| Prevotella disiens| ≤0.06 - 16|| Prevotella heparinolytica | 1|| Prevotella intermedia| ≤0.06 -16|| Prevotella loescheii| 0.125 - 16|| Prevotella melaninogenica| 0.125 - 16|| Prevotella nigrescens| ≤0.06 - >8|| Prevotella oralis| ≤0.06 -16|| Prevotella oris| ≤0.06 - 16|| Prevotella pallens | ≤0.06 - >8|| Prevotella spp.| ≤0.06 - 16|| Prevotella tannerae | 0.125 - 4|| Prevotella zooglioformans | ≤0.06 - >8|| Propionibacteria| 0.25 - 0.5|| Propionibacterium| 0.12 - 8|| Propionibacterium avidum| 0.25 - 8|| Propionibacterium granulosum| 0.25|| Propionibacterium sp. | 0.25 - >32|| Proteus| 0.03 - >128|| Proteus mirabilis| 0.015 - 12220|| Proteus rettgeri| ≤0.06 - >8|| Proteus spp.| 0.25|| Proteus vulgaris| 0.015 - 8|| Providencia alcalifaciens| 0.06 - >16|| Providencia rettgeri| 0.06 - >16|| Providencia spp.| ≤0.25 - 64|| Providencia stuartii| 0.06 - >16|| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| ≤0.008 - 256|| Pseudomonas savastanoi| ≥3.13|| Pseudomonas syringae. pv. tomato| ≥6.25|| Rhodococcus equi| 0.25 - 1|| Rothia dentocariosa| 0.006 - 2|| Rothia mucilaginosa| 0.006 - 2|| Ruminococcus gnavus| 64|| Salmonella enterica| <0.008 - 16|| Salmonella enteritidis| 0.00625 - 0.1|| Salmonella spp.| 0.015 - 2|| Salmonella typhi| <0.008 - 1220|| Salmonella/Shigella spp.| 0.015 - 0.06|| Selenomonas flueggei | ≤0.06 - >8|| Selenomonas infelix | ≤0.06 - >8|| Selenomonas spp.| ≤0.06 - >8|| Serratia liquefaciens| 0.015 - 1|| Serratia marcescens| 0.015 - >128|| Serratia spp.| ≤0.25 - 64|| Shigella boydii| 0.015 - 0.06|| Shigella flexneri| ≤0.015 - 0.06|| Shigella sonnei| ≤0.015 - 0.06|| Shigella spp.| 0.004 - 0.25|| Staphylococci | ≤0.03 - >128|| Staphylococcus aureus| 0.006 - >128|| Staphylococcus auricularis| ≤0.03 - >16|| Staphylococcus capitis| ≤0.03 - 128|| Staphylococcus chromogenes | ≤0.06 - 128|| Staphylococcus cohnii| ≤0.03 - >16|| Staphylococcus epidermidis| 0.006 - >128|| Staphylococcus equorum| 0.06 - >16|| Staphylococcus haemolyticus| ≤0.03 - 128|| Staphylococcus hominis| ≤0.03 - 128|| Staphylococcus lugdunensis| ≤0.03 - >8|| Staphylococcus pneumonia| ≥1|| Staphylococcus saccharolyticus| 0.125 - 0.5|| Staphylococcus saprophyticus| ≤0.03 - 128|| Staphylococcus sciuri| ≤0.03 - 8|| Staphylococcus simulans| ≤0.03 - >4|| Staphylococcus spp.| ≤0.03 - >128|| Staphylococcus warneri| ≤0.03 - >16|| Staphylococcus xylosus| ≤0.03 - >4|| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia| 0.03 - 63|| Streptococci| ≤0.015 - 64|| Streptococcus acidominimus | 0.25 - 2|| Streptococcus agalactiae| ≤0.06 - 32|| Streptococcus anginosus| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus bovis| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus constellatus| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus epidermidis| 0.12 - >16|| Streptococcus intermedius| ≤0.03 - >8|| Streptococcus milleri| 0.25 - 1|| Streptococcus mitis| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus oralis| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus ovis | 0.25 - 2|| Streptococcus parasanguinis | 0.25 - 2|| Streptococcus pluranimalium | 0.25 - 2|| Streptococcus pneumonia| ≤0.03 - 16000|| Streptococcus pyogenes| 0.06 - 16|| Streptococcus salivarius| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus sanguinis| 0.12 - >8|| Streptococcus sobrinus| 0.25 - 2|| Streptococcus spp.| 0.25 - 1|| Streptococcus thoraltensis | 0.25 - 2|| Sutterella wadsworthensis| 0.25 - 32|| Turicella otitidis| 0.12 - 8|| Ureaplasma spp.| 0.125 - 2|| Ureaplasma urealyticum| 0.5 - 1||