Rifampicin ReadyMade Solution in DMSO-selective agent-TOKU-E

Detailed Description

Rifampicin ReadyMade™ Solution in DMSO is a sterile-filtered solution of Rifampicin dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 50 mg/ml.

Rifampicin (syn: Rifampin) is a semisynthetic antimicrobial derived from Rifamycin SV and originally developed by the Lepetit group in 1965. It has activity against Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and poxviruses. It can be used in tuberculosis research.

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Rifampicin ReadyMade™ Aqueous Solution (R041)

Mechanism of Action	Rifampicin targets prokaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases which prevent subsequent RNA transcription and protein translation. Bacterial resistance to Rifampicin is caused by mutations leading to a change in the structure of the β subunit of RNA polymerase. Rifampicin inhibits the assembly of DNA and protein into mature virus particles. It inhibits initiation of RNA synthesis by binding to the β subunit of RNA polymerase, which results in cell death. Rifampicin has been shown to inhibit αsynuclein fibrillation and disaggregate fibrils in a concentration-dependent manner. Rifampicin can activate pregnane X receptor (PXR), which affects cytochrome P450, and the activity of glucuronosyltransferases and P-glycoprotein. Rifampicin has been shown to enhance CYP2C-mediated metabolism, affect compounds that are transported by P-glycoprotein and metabolized by CYP3A4.
Spectrum	Rifampicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a wide range of activity including: Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus spp and Rhodococcus equi Brucella and some other fastidious organisms are susceptible but Gram-negative bacteria more generally are resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria at low concentrations, including Bacteroides fragilis Chlamydophila and Rickettsia Mycobacterium tuberculosis (note: most other mycobacteria are resistant) Some protozoa Some fungi and poxviruses
Microbiology Applications	Rifampicin is commonly used in bacterial recombinant protein expression to inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase activity and synthesis of host bacterial proteins. Rifampicin can also be used as a selective agent to isolate Campylobacter jejuni. Rose et al. used Rifampicin (TOKU-E) in methacrylate-based copolymer films and studied its effects on biofilm formation in: "Prevention of biofilm formation by methacrylate-based copolymer films loaded With Rifampin, Clarithromycin, Doxycycline alone or in combination.
Plant Biology Applications	Rifampicin has been tested in Jerusalem artichoke tuber explants by adding 10- 50 µg/ml to the tissue culture medium. At 50 µg/ml no bacterial infection was detectable, without affecting cell division rates, cytodifferentiation and DNA synthesis (Philips, 1981). The effectiveness of Rifampicin resistant mutants and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) to monitor colonization of plant tissue (apple stem) by endophytic bacteria N. ditissima was demonstrated. (Liu et al, 2025).
Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications	Rifampicin has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects in mice. Rifampicin has been shown to inhibit α-synuclein fibrillation and disaggregate fibrils in a concentration-dependent manner. Rifampicin can activate pregnane X receptor (PXR), which affects cytochrome P450, and the activity of glucuronosyltransferases and P-glycoprotein. Rifampicin has been shown to enhance CYP2C-mediated metabolism, affect compounds that are transported by P-glycoprotein and metabolized by CYP3A4.
Molecular Formula	C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂
References	Bassi L, Berardino L, Arioli V, Silvestri L and Lignière E (1973). Conditions for immunosuppression by Rifampicin. J. Infect. Dis 128(6), 736-744 Li T and Chiang JY (2006) Rifampicin induction of CYP3A4 requires pregnane X receptor cross talk with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha and coactivators, and suppression of small heterodimer partner gene expression. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 34(5):756-764 Liu J, Ridgway HJ, Jones E (2025) The use of Rifampicin mutants and ERIC-PCR to track plant colonization and in planta efficacy of bacterial biocontrol agents against Neonectria ditissima, J. Appl. Microbiol. 136 (4):lxaf086 Maddison JE, A Watson DJ, Elliott D (2008) Chapter 8 - Antibacterial drugs. Sm. Animal Clin. Pharmacol. (2nd ed):148-185 Milenovic M, Gouttepifre A, Eickermann M et al (2022) Plant-mediated Rifampicin treatment of Bemisia tabaci disrupts but does not eliminate endosymbionts. Sci. Rep. 12:20766 Philips R, Arnott SM and Kaplan SE (1981) Antibiotics in plant tissue culture: Rifampicin effectively controls bacterial contaminants without affecting the growth of short-term explant cultures of Helianthus tuberosus. Plant Sci. Lett. 21(3):235-240 Rose WE, Otto DP, Aucamp ME, Miller Z, de Villiers MM (2015) Prevention of biofilm formation by methacrylate-based copolymer films loaded with Rifampin, clarithromycin, doxycycline alone or in combination. Pharm. Res. 32(1):61-73 PMID 24934663 Walter W (1983) Rifampin: Mechanisms of action and resistance. Rev. Infect. Dis. Vol. 5, Issue Suppl. 3, pp S407–S411