Insects and Parasites

Milbemycin A3

Milbemycin A3 belongs to the family of Milbemycins, 16-membered macrocyclic lactone antibiotics with a 6,6-membered spiroketal ring system.  Milbemycin A3 is a highly selective and potent nematocide and insecticide.  Milbemycin A3 is a major...

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Milbemycin A3 oxime

Milbemycin A3 oxime is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone prepared by the oxidation and oximation of milbemycin A3. Milbemycin A3 oxime is the minor component (~30%) in the commercial product milbemycin oxime, marketed for endo- and exo-parasite...

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Milbemycin A4

Milbemycins are a complex family of macrocyclic lactones containing a highly characteristic spiroketal group, produced by Streptomyces hydroscopicus subsp. aureolarcrimosus. Milbemycin A4 is the dominant member of a group of analogues containing a...

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Neoantimycin

Neoantimycin is a rare and unusual ring-extended member of the antimycin class. Neoantimycin is produced by a Streptomyces species unrelated to antimycin-producing strains. Literature references to neoantimycin are limited but the recent discovery of the...

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Milbemycin A4 oxime

Milbemycin A4 oxime is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone prepared by the oxidation and oximation of milbemycin A4. Milbemycin A4 oxime is the major component (~70%) in the commercial product, milbemycin oxime, marketed for endo- and exo-parasite...

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Cycloechinulin

Cycloechinulin is an unusual diketopiperazine isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus. Cycloechinulin has not been extensively studied but exhibits insecticidal activity against the lepidopteran crop pest, Helicoverpa zea. Recently, cycloechinulin has found...

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Paraherquamide A

Paraherquamide A was first reported as a mycotoxin related to the indole tremorgenic mycotoxins. Subsequent research identified a potent, non-toxic paralysis of nematodes which led to the metabolite's development as a candidate anthelmintic...

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Paraherquamide E

Paraherquamide E is a member of the paraherquamide family which causes a potent non-toxic paralysis of nematodes and has led to investigation as potential anthelmintics. Although paraherquamide A has received more attention, paraherquamide E is the more...

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3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydro-spinosyn J 17-pseudoaglycone

3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J pseudoaglycone is an acid degradation product produced by selective hydrolysis of the more labile forosamine saccharide in the 17-position of 3'-ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J, the major component of the commercial product,...

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3'-Ethoxy-Spinosyn L 17-Pseudoaglycone

3'-Ethoxy-Spinosyn L 17-pseudoaglycone is a product of by selective hydrolysis under mild acidic conditions  of the forosamine saccharide at the 17-position of 3'-ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J, a minor component of Spinosyn L. 3'-Ethoxy-Spinosyn L...

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3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydro-spinosyn J

3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J is the major component in the second generation spinosyn family of bio-insecticides marketed as Spinetoram. 3'-Ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J is a semi-synthetic compound prepared by selective ethylation and hydrogenation of...

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3'-Ethoxy-Spinosyn L

3'-Ethoxy-Spinosyn L is the minor component in the second generation spinosyn family of bio-insecticides marketed as Spinetoram. 3'-Ethoxyspinosyn L is a semi-synthetic compound prepared by selective ethylation and hydrogenation of Spinosyn L, itself a...

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