Teicoplanin (syn: Targocid, Teichomycin) is a lipoglycopeptide complex first reported from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus in 1978. Teicoplanin is a mixture of several compounds including five major compounds (Teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5), and four minor compounds or 'related substances' (Teocoplanin RS1 through RS4). All Teicoplanin compounds share the same glycopeptide core, termed Teicoplanin A3-1, a fused ring structure to which two carbohydrates (mannose and N-acetylglucosamine) are attached.
Teicoplanin has a similar spectrum of activity as vancomycin and is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis.
Teicoplanin is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor that works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis and polymerization in two ways. One mechanism inhibits N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) from coming together to form the peptidoglycan backbone. Another mechanism prevents cross-linking between amino acid residues in the peptidoglycan chain.
Teicoplanin is sparingly soluble in water.
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