Nalidixic Acid Sodium, CulturePure® is a synthetic 1,8-naphthyridone antibiotic similar in structure and mechanism to quinolones, the commercial preparation of which was developed by Sanofi Aventis. The product is commonly used as a selective agent in many isolation media. It has a limited bacteriocidal spectrum and is similar in structure and mechanism to quinolones, with a 1,8-naphthyridine nucleus containing 2 nitrogen atoms (unlike quinoline that contains a single nitrogen atom).
Nalidixic Acid can be used in the RADAR assay, a method for isolating DNA-protein adducts and their identification and quantification. It can also be used to study bacterial division and apoptosis research.
Nalidixic Acid Sodium, CulturePure® is freely soluble in water. For additional CulturePure products, click here.
We also offer:
| Mechanism of Action | Nalidixic Acid indirectly inhibits proteins synthesis by binding DNA and interfering with enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription, specifically bacterial DNA polymerase (DNA gyrase) and avian myelblastoma virus reverse transcriptase. It also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. It can be used to study the mechanisms of gyrase activity. |
| Spectrum | Nalidixic Acid is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, it is most active against Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacter. |
| Microbiology Applications | Nalidixic Acid is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
Media SupplementsNalidixic acid can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media: Columbia Blood Agar - Staphylococcus/Streptococcus selective supplement Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Agar - Isolation of non-sporing anaerobes Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Agar - Isolation of Gram-negative anaerobes Columbia Blood Agar - Gardnerella vaginalis Selective Supplement Listeria Enrichment Broth - Listeria Selective Enrichment Supplement Listeria Enrichment Broth - Listeria Selective Enrichment Supplements UVM I and UVM II Listeria Enrichment Broth - Modified Listeria Selective Enrichemnt Supplement Fraser Broth - Fraser Supplement Fraser Broth - Half Fraser Supplement Brucella Medium Base - Modified Brucella Selective Supplement Buffered Listeria Enrichment Broth - Listeria Selective Enrichment Supplement Chromogenic Listeria Agar - ChromogenicListeria Selective Supplement Chromogenic Listeria Agar - Chromogenic Listeria Differential Supplement |
| Molecular Formula | C12H11N2NaO3 |
| References |
Kiianitsa et al. used Nalidixic Acid (TOKU-E) at 100 µg/mL to study DNA gyrase inhibition in E. coli K-12: "Ultrasensitive isolation, identification and quantification of DNA–protein adducts by ELISA-based RADAR assay" Aoyama H (1991) Avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase inhibition by Nalidixic Acid. Mol. Cell Biochem. 108(2):169-174 PMID 1723488 Lesher GY, Froelich EJ and Gruett MD, Bailey JH and Brundage RP (1962) 1,0-Naphtyridine derivatives: A new class of chemotherapeutic agents. J. Med. Pharm. Chem. 5:1063-1065 PMID 14056431 Levitt M et al (1973) Studies on the mechanism of action of Nalidixic Acid. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 4(4):479-486 Pedrini AM, Geroldi D, Siccardi A and Falaschi A (1972) Studies on the mode of action of Nalidixic Acid. Eur. J. Biochem. 25: 359-365 PMID 4625117 |
| MIC | Aeromonas spp.| 32 － ?| 478| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)| 3.13 － ?| 1439| Bacteroides fragilis| 32 － 64| 401| Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 25285)| 2 － ?| 650| Bacteroides fragilis (NCTC 9343)| 64 － ?| 401| Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ATCC 15704)| 62.5 － 125| 741| Bifidobacterium animalis (ATCC 27536)| 500 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC 15696)| 31.25 － 62.5| 741| Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb12)| 62.5 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium breve (ATCC 15700)| >500 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium Infantis (ATCC 15697)| 125 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium longum (ATCC 15707)| 62.5 － 125| 741| Bifidobacterium longum (ATCC 15708)| 62.5 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium longum (RBL9)| 62.5 － 125| 741| Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (ATCC 25526)| 62.5 － 125| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL67)| 250 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL68)| 250 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL69)| 250 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL70)| 250 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL75)| 125 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium sp. (RBL76)| 250 － ?| 741| Bifidobacterium thermophilum (ATCC 25866)| 125 － ?| 741| Borrelia burgdorferi S.L.| 128 － >512| 1129| Brucella suis (ATCC 27531)| 125 － ?| 741| Campylobacter jejuni| 2 － >32| 244| Campylobacter jejuni| ? － ?| 491| Campylobacter jejuni| ? － ?| 62| Campylobacter spp.| ≤1 － >=64| 829| Campylobacter spp.| 4 － ?| 478| Citrobacter freundii| 4 － >32| 244| Citrobacter koseri| 2 － >32| 244| Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (A7)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (A8)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (B61)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (BA 1)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (C121Q)| 8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (CED 1)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (D11)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (D13)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (D14)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (NCTC 11493)| >8 － ?| 650| Clostridium spiroforme (RPO 980)| >8 － ?| 650| Enterobacter aerogenes| 2 － >32| 244| Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048)| 3.13 － ?| 1439| Enterobacter cloacae| 2 － >32| 244| Enterobacter cloacae (963)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Enterobacter cloacae (BW 1150)| ? － ?| 1392| Enterobacteriaceae| 1 － 128| 401| Enterococcus faecalis| >32 － ?| 244| Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycin-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Enterococcus faecium| >32 － ?| 244| Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Escherichia coli| 1 － 256| 873| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 2 － ?| 650| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 4 － ?| 401| Escherichia coli (C316)| ? － >128| 1023| Escherichia coli (CA 8000)| 6.25 － ?| 792| Escherichia coli (chicken isolate)| ? － ?| 1037| Escherichia coli (enteroaggregative)| ? － ?| 491| Escherichia coli (enteroaggregative)| ? － ?| 62| Escherichia coli (enteroaggregative)| 128 － ?| 478| Escherichia coli (enterohaemorrhagic)| 1 － >32| 244| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic)| ? － ?| 62| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic)| ? － ?| 491| Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic)| 256 － ?| 478| Escherichia coli (HB 101)| ? － ?| 1392| Escherichia coli (KAM32(pHPA))| 1 － ?| 1023| Escherichia coli (KAM32(pSTV28))| 1 － ?| 1023| Escherichia coli (KAM32(pSTVqepA))| 2 － ?| 1023| Escherichia coli (KAM32(pSTVΔqepA))| 1 － ?| 1023| Escherichia coli (KAM32)| 1 － ?| 1023| Escherichia coli (nalidixic acid-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Escherichia coli (nalidixic acid-susceptible)| 2 － >4| 244| Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418)| 2 － ?| 401| Escherichia coli (NIHJ JC-2 DNA gyrase)| 0.78 － ?| 392| Escherichia coli (NIHJ JC-2)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Escherichia coli (NK 5819)| 1.56 － ?| 792| Escherichia coli (swine isolate)| ? － ?| 1037| Haemophilus influenzae| 0.71 － ?| 1439| Haemophilus influenzae (ATCC 49247)| 1 － ?| 401| Haemophilus spp.| 0.015 － 2| 401| Klebsiella pneumonia (G340)| 64 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (G595)| 4 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7535)| 4 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7736)| >64 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 7737)| >64 － ?| 174| Klebsiella pneumonia (nalidixic acid-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Klebsiella pneumonia (nalidixic acid-susceptible)| 2 － >4| 244| Klebsiella pneumonia (penicillin-intermediate)| >32 － ?| 244| Klebsiella pneumonia (penicillin-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Klebsiella pneumonia (penicillin-susceptible)| >32 － ?| 244| Klebsiella pneumoniae (PCI-602)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (P/N 601379)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052 + pH 4.0)| 250 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus acidophilus (R052)| 250 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus bulgaricus (P/N 601383 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus bulgaricus (P/N 601383 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus bulgaricus (P/N 601383 + pH 4.0)| 500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus bulgaricus (P/N 601383)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0215 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0215 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0215 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0215)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0256 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0256 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0256 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus casei (R0256)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus lactis (R0187 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus lactis (R0187 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus lactis (R0187 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus lactis (R0187)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus paracasei (P/N 601385 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus paracasei (P/N 601385 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus paracasei (P/N 601385)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387 + pH 4.0)| 500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (P/N 601387)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R0202)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1078)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus plantarum (R1096)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039 + oxgall-stressed)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039 + pH 2.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039 + pH 4.0)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R1039)| >500 － ?| 740| Lactobacillus spp.| >1024 － ?| 1401| Lactobacillus spp. (L09)| ≥500 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L36)| ≥500 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L44)| ≥500 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L48)| ≥500 － ?| 908| Lactobacillus spp. (L49)| ≥500 － ?| 908| Legionella pneumophila| 2 － ?| 244| Morganella morganii| 1 － >32| 244| Mycobacterium smegmatis (CSLMC2 205)| 25 － ?| 792| Mycobacterium smegmatis (CSMC2 105)| 50 － ?| 792| Mycobacterium smegmatis (mc2155)| 50 － ?| 792| Mycobacterium smegmatis (MDR-40)| 50 － ?| 792| Mycobacterium smegmatis (MDR-75)| 3.125 － ?| 792| Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSR101)| 6.25 － ?| 792| Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSR102)| 50 － ?| 792| Neisseria spp.| 0.5 － 8| 401| Plesiomonas shigelloides| 32 － ?| 478| Proteus mirabilis (IFO 3849)| 12.5 － ?| 1439| Proteus mirabilis (nalidixic acid-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Proteus mirabilis (nalidixic acid-susceptible)| 4 － >4| 244| Proteus morganii (IFO 3848)| 1.56 － ?| 1439| Proteus rettgeri (IFO 3850)| 1.56 － ?| 1439| Proteus spp. (indole-negative)| 4 － ?| 1439| Proteus spp. (indole-positive)| 4.1 － ?| 1439| Proteus vulgaris (HX-19)| 1.56 － ?| 1439| Proteus vulgaris (OX-19)| 3.13 － ?| 1439| Providencia rettgeri| 4 － >32| 244| Providencia stuartii| 2 － >32| 244| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)| >128 － ?| 401| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ciprofloxacin-resistant)| 4 － >32| 244| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ciprofloxacin-susceptible)| 4 － >32| 244| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IFO 3445)| >100 － ?| 1439| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IID1210)| >100 － ?| 1439| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 10490)| 25 － ?| 1439| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 10662)| >128 － ?| 401| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OHD)| <1 － ?| 913| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO)| 256 － ?| 913| Pseudomonas spp.| 32 － 128| 401| Salmonella enterica| 1 － >32| 244| Salmonella Enteritidis (G14)| 3.13 － ?| 1439| Salmonella Paratyphi (1015)| 0.78 － ?| 1439| Salmonella schottmulleri (8006)| 0.78 － ?| 1439| Salmonella spp.| ? － ?| 491| Salmonella spp.| ? － ?| 62| Salmonella spp.| 2.55 － ?| 1439| Salmonella spp.| 16 － ?| 478| Salmonella typhi (901)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Salmonella typhi (Various)| >184000 － ?| 1122| Salmonella typhimurium (IID971)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Salmonella typhimurium (L133)| 4 － ?| 1008| Salmonella typhimurium (LX1054)| 16000 － ?| 1122| Salmonella typhimurium (SL1344)| 4 － ?| 1008| Salmonella typhimurium (T39)| 16000 － ?| 1122| Serratia marcescens| 1 － >32| 244| Serratia marcescens| 2.65 － ?| 1439| Serratia marcescens (IAMI1184)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Serratia marcescens (UD60)| 6.25 － ?| 1439| Shigella| 1 － 64| 1429| Shigella flexneri| 0.12 － 0.5| 1085| Shigella flexneri| ? － ?| 62| Shigella flexneri| ? － ?| 491| Shigella sonnei| 0.12 － 32| 1085| Shigella sonnei| ? － ?| 491| Shigella sonnei| ? － ?| 62| Shigella spp.| 1.15 － ?| 1439| Shigella spp.| 8 － ?| 478| Staphylococci| 16 － 128| 401| Staphylococcus aureus| >32 － ?| 244| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)| >8 － ?| 650| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)| 128 － ?| 401| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)| 128 － ?| 401| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6571)| >128 － ?| 401| Staphylococcus aureus (E-46)| >100 － ?| 1439| Staphylococcus aureus (FAD 209P JC-1)| >100 － ?| 1439| Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant)| >32 － ?| 244| Staphylococcus aureus (MS5935 topoisomerase IV)| 25 － ?| 392| Staphylococcus aureus (Terajima)| 25 － ?| 1439| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia| ? － ?| 198| Streptococcus agalactiae| >32 － ?| 244| Streptococcus pneumonia (ATCC 49619)| >128 － ?| 401| Streptococcus pyogenes| >32 － ?| 244| Streptococcus pyogenes| >100 － ?| 1439| Streptococcus pyogenes (IID692)| >100 － ?| 1439| Treponema hyodysenteriae| 100 － >100| 1427| Xylella fastidiosa (187)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (237)| 16 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (276)| 16 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (Ann1)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (AO5)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (B02)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (Dixon)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (IO3)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (Temecula)| 32 － ?| 628| Xylella fastidiosa (Texas)| 16 － ?| 628| Yersinia enterocolitica| ? － ?| 62| Yersinia enterocolitica| ? － ?| 491| |
