Piperacillin is the monohydrate form of Piperacillin, a semi-synthetic, extended spectrum fungistatic β-lactam fourth-generation ureidopenicillin. It was developed by Toyama Chemical Co, Tokyo, Japan and is derived from Ampicillin. Piperacillin is commonly used in combination with the β -lactamase inhibitor Tazobactam. It can be used to study multidrug resistance.
Piperacillin is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution.
We also offer:
- Piperacillin Sodium (P010)
| Mechanism of Action | β-lactams interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to β-lactams is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. |
| Spectrum | Piperacillin is broad-spectrum, targeting a wide range of susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It targets both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It can be used against Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli. |
| Impurity Profile | Related Substances: Impurity A: ≤ 1.0% Impurity B: ≤ 0.2% Impurity C: ≤ 0.4% Impurity D: ≤ 2.0% Ampicillin: ≤ 0.2% |
| Microbiology Applications | Piperacillin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram- positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. It is commonly used in a mixture with the β-lactamase inhibitor Tazobactam which enhances is effectiveness. Representative MIC values include:
For a representative list of Piperacillin MIC values, click here. |
| Plant Biology Applications | In vitro activity of Piperacillin against Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA101 was examined and found to be effective in eliminating the bacteria involved in Agrobacterium-mediated plant genetic transformation (Ogawa and Mii, 2004). |
| Molecular Formula | C23H27N5O7S X H20 |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in aqueous solution |
| References |
Ogawa Y and Mii M (2004) Screening for highly active beta-lactam antibiotics against Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Arch. Microbiol. 181:331-336 Pitout JD, Sanders CC, and Sanders WE (1997) Antimicrobial resistance with focus on beta-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Am. J. Med. 103:51 |
| MIC | Bacteroides bivius| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides caccae| 32 － >128| 1475| Bacteroides distasonis| 4 － >256| 1468| Bacteroides fragilis| ? － ?| 381| Bacteroides fragilis| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides fragilis| 0.06 － >128| 340| Bacteroides fragilis| <=0.06 － 75| 1468| Bacteroides fragilis| 0.5 － >128| 1475| Bacteroides fragilis| 2.5 － 128| 401| Bacteroides fragilis| 256 － ?| 652| Bacteroides fragilis (1995)| 0.5 － >256| 297| Bacteroides fragilis (1996)| 1 － >256| 297| Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 23745)| 2 － ?| 386| Bacteroides fragilis (cephalosporin-resistant)| 64 － ?| 652| Bacteroides fragilis (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Bacteroides fragilis (group)| 0.12 － >=256| 1480| Bacteroides fragilis (group)| 0.2 － >256| 1468| Bacteroides fragilis (group)| 1 － >128| 1475| Bacteroides fragilis (NCTC 9343)| 2 － ?| 401| Bacteroides fragilis (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Bacteroides fragilis gr.| 0.25 － 32| 497| Bacteroides melaninogenicus| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides ovatus| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron| 4 － >256| 1468| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron| 8 － >128| 1475| Bacteroides uniformis| 2 － >256| 1468| Bacteroides uniformis| 64 － >128| 1475| Bacteroides vulgatus| ? － ?| 1385| Bacteroides vulgatus| 4 － 256| 1468| Bacteroides vulgatus| 1 － >128| 1475| Bifidobacterium spp.| ≤0.004 － 2| 340| Borrelia burgdorferi S.L.| <0.06 － 0.125| 1129| Brucella| 0.2 － 32| 1388| Burkholderia cepacia| 2 － >128| 140| Burkholderia cepacia| 1 － >512| 97| Burkholderia cepacia (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Burkholderia cepacia (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Candida albicans (GC 3066)| >128 － ?| 209| Citrobacter diversus (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 128 － ?| 652| Citrobacter diversus (Inducible amp(C))| 4 － ?| 652| Citrobacter freundii| ≤0.5 － 128| 412| Citrobacter freundii| ? － ?| 323| Citrobacter freundii (Basal amp(C))| 1 － ?| 652| Citrobacter freundii (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Citrobacter freundii (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 64 － ?| 652| Citrobacter freundii (Inducible amp(C))| 1 － ?| 652| Citrobacter freundii (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Citrobacter koseri (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Citrobacter koseri (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Clostridium bifermentans| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium butyricum| <=0.03 － 2| 1475| Clostridium clostridioforme| <=0.03 － 2| 1475| Clostridium difficile| ? － ?| 381| Clostridium difficile| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium difficile (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Clostridium difficile (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Clostridium perfringens| ≤0.004 － 4| 340| Clostridium perfringens| <=0.03 － ?| 1475| Clostridium perfringens| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium perfringens (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Clostridium perfringens (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Clostridium ramosum| <=0.03 － 2| 1475| Clostridium ramosum| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium septicum| <=0.03 － 2| 1475| Clostridium species (NOS)| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium sporogenes| <=0.03 － 2| 1475| Clostridium sporogenes| ? － ?| 1385| Clostridium spp.| ≤0.004 － >128| 340| Corynebacterium jeikeium| 8 － >64| 29| Edwardsiella hoshinae| 0.13 － ?| 1409| Edwardsiella ictaluri| 0.13 － 4| 1409| Edwardsiella tarda| 0.13 － 4| 1409| Enterobacter aerogenes (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Enterobacter aerogenes (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Enterobacter cloacae (032349)| 2 － ?| 386| Enterobacter cloacae (22491)| 4 － ?| 386| Enterobacter cloacae (Basal amp(C))| 2 － ?| 652| Enterobacter cloacae (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Enterobacter cloacae (GC 3783)| 32 － ?| 209| Enterobacter cloacae (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 256 － ?| 652| Enterobacter cloacae (Inducible amp(C))| 2 － ?| 652| Enterobacter cloacae (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Enterobacter spp.| ? － ?| 323| Enterobacteriaceae| 0.25 － 128| 401| Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)| 2 － ?| 401| Enterococcus faecalis (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Enterococcus faecalis (GC 2242)| 2 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecalis (GC 4555)| 1 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecalis (GC 6189)| 2 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecalis (GC 842)| 2 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecalis (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Enterococcus faecium| 8 － >128| 89| Enterococcus faecium (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Enterococcus faecium (GC 2243)| 128 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecium (GC 4556)| 2 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecium (GC 4558)| >128 － ?| 209| Enterococcus faecium (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Enterococcus spp.| 4 － >128| 89| Escherichia coli| ? － ?| 323| Escherichia coli| >128 － ?| 6| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)| 1.9 － ?| 665| Escherichia coli (Basal amp(C))| 1 － ?| 652| Escherichia coli (C921-61)| 2 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (DH10B + pDG-1)| 32 － ?| 651| Escherichia coli (DH10B + pNOR-2001)| 4 － ?| 657| Escherichia coli (DH10B)| 1 － ?| 657| Escherichia coli (DH10B)| 1 － ?| 651| Escherichia coli (DH10B)| 1 － ?| 1451| Escherichia coli (ESBL)| ≤0.5 － >64| 412| Escherichia coli (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Escherichia coli (GC 2203)| 1 － ?| 209| Escherichia coli (GC 3226)| 0.5 － ?| 209| Escherichia coli (GC 4559)| 1 － ?| 209| Escherichia coli (HB101)| 0.5 － ?| 1449| Escherichia coli (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 32 － ?| 652| Escherichia coli (imp + GC 4560)| <0.12 － ?| 209| Escherichia coli (K-10)| 2 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (K-10)| 2 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (K-12)| 2 － ?| 955| Escherichia coli (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Escherichia coli (XL1)| 1 － ?| 1449| Eubacterium spp.| 0.008 － 16| 340| Fusobacterium mortiferum| 0.12 － >128| 1475| Fusobacterium necrophorum| 0.12 － >128| 1475| Fusobacterium nucleatum| ? － ?| 381| Fusobacterium nucleatum| 0.12 － >128| 1475| Fusobacterium spp.| ≤0.004 － 128| 340| Fusobacterium spp.| 0.12 － >128| 1475| Fusobacterium varium| 0.12 － >128| 1475| Haemophilus influenzae (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Haemophilus influenzae (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Haemophilus spp.| 0.004 － 128| 401| Klebsiella pneumonia| ≤0.12 － >256| 412| Klebsiella pneumonia| 128 － ?| 6| Klebsiella pneumonia (ESBL)| ? － ?| 1298| Klebsiella pneumonia (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Klebsiella pneumonia (GC 4534)| 4 － ?| 209| Klebsiella pneumonia (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Klebsiella pneumonia (SHV-1)| 8 － ?| 652| Klebsiella pneumonia (β-lactamase negative)| 1 － ?| 652| Klebsiella spp.| ? － ?| 323| Lactobacillus spp.| 0.12 － 4| 340| Morganella morganii| ? － ?| 323| Morganella morganii (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Morganella morganii (GC 4531)| 128 － ?| 209| Morganella morganii (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 32 － ?| 652| Morganella morganii (Inducible amp(C))| 0.5 － ?| 652| Morganella morganii (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Neisseria meningitidis (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Neisseria meningitidis (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Neisseria spp.| 0.015 － 32| 401| Ochrobactrum anthropi (SLO74)| >=128 － ?| 1449| Pasteurella multocida| <8 － ?| 1092| Pemphigus mirabilis (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Pemphigus mirabilis (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Pemphigus vulgaris (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Pemphigus vulgaris (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Peptococcus asaccharolyticus| ? － ?| 1385| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius| <=0.03 － 64| 1475| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius| ? － ?| 1385| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Peptostreptococcus magnus| <=0.03 － 64| 1475| Peptostreptococcus micros| <=0.03 － 64| 1475| Peptostreptococcus spp.| ≤0.004 － 32| 340| Peptostreptococcus spp.| <=0.03 － 64| 1475| Peptostreptococcus spp.| ? － ?| 381| Prevotella bivia (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Prevotella bivia (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Prevotella buccae| 0.25 － 128| 1475| Prevotella intermedia| 0.25 － 128| 1475| Prevotella melaninogenica (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Prevotella melaninogenica (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Prevotella melaninogenicus| 0.25 － 128| 1475| Prevotella oralis| 0.25 － 128| 1475| Prevotella spp.| ? － ?| 381| Prevotella spp.| 0.25 － 128| 1475| Propionibacterium| ? － ?| 381| Proteus vulgaris| ? － ?| 323| Proteus vulgaris (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 32 － ?| 652| Proteus vulgaris (Inducible amp(C))| 1 － ?| 652| Providencia rettgeri| ? － ?| 323| Providencia rettgeri (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Providencia rettgeri (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Providencia stuartii| ? － ?| 323| Providencia stuartii (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Providencia stuartii (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 2 － >128| 248| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| ? － ?| 323| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 4 － ?| 665| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| 6.6 － ?| 142| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14)| 4 － ?| 788| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1405 + amp(C)-DEF opr(D)+)| 8 － ?| 48| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (555)| >256 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (695)| 512 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692)| 2 － ?| 786| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)| 1.9 － ?| 665| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (carbapenem-resistant)| 32 － ?| 652| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cbr(A) mutant)| 4 － ?| 788| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cbr(B) mutant)| 4 － ?| 788| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (COL-1)| 64 － ?| 657| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DB5218)| 2 － ?| 786| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DR3062)| 16 － ?| 786| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ED-1)| 8 － ?| 651| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GC 2214)| 2 － ?| 209| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GC 4532)| 4 － ?| 209| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GW-1)| 128 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (JES-1)| 128 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid)| 0.5 － >512| 97| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid)| 1 － >512| 97| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OHD)| <2 － ?| 913| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OXA-10)| 64 － ?| 652| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OXA-11)| 64 － ?| 652| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01)| 2 － ?| 786| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO)| <2 － ?| 913| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PER-1)| 8 － ?| 652| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (post-treatment)| 12.5 － ?| 661| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pretreatment)| 12.5 － ?| 661| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PT121)| 2 － ?| 786| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PU21 + pGIR-1)| 16 － ?| 651| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PU21)| 2 － ?| 651| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RNL-1)| 32 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RP-1)| 256 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Stel)| 32 － ?| 664| Pseudomonas cepacia| 8 － >128| 248| Pseudomonas spp.| 0.5 － 512| 401| Ralstonia pickettii (PIC-1)| 2 － ?| 1451| Salmonella typhimurium (LT2)| 4 － ?| 955| Serratia marcescens| 0.12 － >=256| 475| Serratia marcescens (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Serratia marcescens (GC 4077)| 2 － ?| 209| Serratia marcescens (Hyperproducing amp(C))| 32 － ?| 652| Serratia marcescens (IMP-1)| 32 － ?| 652| Serratia marcescens (Inducible amp(C))| 2 － ?| 652| Serratia marcescens (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Serratia spp.| ? － ?| 323| Staphylococci| 0.25 － 128| 401| Staphylococci (coagulase-negative + methicillin-resistant)| 8 － >128| 89| Staphylococci (coagulase-negative + methicillin-susceptible)| ≤0.12 － 128| 89| Staphylococcus (GC 4537 + coagulase-negative)| 8 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus (GC 4538 + coagulase-negative)| 32 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus (GC 4539 + coagulase-negative)| >128 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus (GC 4548 + coagulase-negative + methicillin-resistant)| 32 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus (GC 4549 + coagulase-negative + methicillin-resistant)| 16 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus (GC 6257 + coagulase-negative + methicillin-resistant)| 2 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 35556)| 0.5 － ?| 955| Staphylococcus aureus (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Staphylococcus aureus (FDA 209P)| 4 － ?| 349| Staphylococcus aureus (GC 1131)| >128 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (GC 2216)| 4 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (GC 4536)| 0.5 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (GC 4541)| >128 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (GC 4543)| 0.5 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (GC 4543)| 1 － ?| 209| Staphylococcus aureus (JSB20013)| 0.5 － ?| 748| Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant)| 128 － >128| 89| Staphylococcus aureus (MU3)| 128 － ?| 349| Staphylococcus aureus (MU50)| 128 － ?| 955| Staphylococcus aureus (N315)| 32 － ?| 955| Staphylococcus aureus (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Staphylococcus aureus (RN4220/tet(A)/pYH4)| 0.25 － ?| 748| Staphylococcus epidermidis (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Staphylococcus epidermidis (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Staphylococcus haemolyticus (GC 4547)| >128 － ?| 209| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia| 16 － 256| 249| Streptococcus agalactiae| 0.25 － 0.5| 89| Streptococcus pneumonia (Europe)| ? － ?| 284| Streptococcus pneumonia (GC 1894)| 2 － ?| 209| Streptococcus pneumonia (GC 6242)| <0.12 － ?| 209| Streptococcus pneumonia (North America)| ? － ?| 284| Streptococcus pneumonia (penicillin-intermediate)| 0.25 － 8| 89| Streptococcus pneumonia (penicillin-susceptible)| ≤0.2 － 0.5| 89| Streptococcus pyogenes| ≤0.2 － ?| 89| Veillonella parvula| <=0.03 － 128| 1475| Veillonella spp.| 0.06 － 64| 340| Veillonella spp.| <=0.03 － 128| 1475| |
