Bioactive small molecules are organic compounds that have a low molecular weight (900 daltons). Most pharmaceutical drugs are small molecules. Larger structures such as nucleic acids, proteins, and many polysaccharides are not small molecules.
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite of plants and is produced in humans by the metabolism of L-tryptophan in Lactobacillus and other gastrointestinal bacteria. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is an immunomodulator, acting as an agonist of the...
hemi-Oxanthromicin is the monomer of (±)-oxanthromicin, first isolated from a soil-derived Streptomyces sp. by Capon and co-workers in 2014. Unlike its co-metabolites, oxanthromicin and spiro-oxanthromicin, hemi-oxanthromicin does not inhibit...
Fumitremorgin B is a tremorgenic mycotoxin isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus. Fumitremorgin B is active against a range of phytopathogenic fungi including Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani and alternata at 6.25 µg/mL. Fumitremorgen B has potent...
Circumdatin A, produced by Aspergillus sp., was first reported in 1999 by Rahbaek and colleagues, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The structure of circumdatin A was revised as a unique oxepine in 2008 using X-ray crystallography. Lack of availability...
Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous kynurenine metabolite formed from oxidative dimerization of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine. Cinnabarinic acid activates glutamate receptors by interacting with residues of the...
Simvastatin acid is the active β-hydroxy acid metabolite of simvastatin formed in vivo. Simvastatin acid is a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an essential enzyme involved in the in vivo synthesis of...
Beauveriolides are 13-membered cyclodepsipeptides isolated from Beauveria sp. Beauveriolide III inhibits acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) to block the synthesis of cholesteryl ester, leading to a reduction of lipid droplets in macrophages...
Beauveriolides are 13-membered cyclodepsipeptides isolated from Beauveria sp.. Beauveriolides I and III inhibit macrophage acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity to block the synthesis of cholesteryl ester, leading to a reduction of lipid...
Anagyrine is a teratogenic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Lupinus sp. which undergoes metabolism to a piperidine that causes crooked calf syndrome. Anagyrine, but not lupanine or sparteine, directly desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR)...
Aminopterin is a 4-amino derivative of folic acid and a folic acid antagonist. It is a synthetic derivative of pterin. It has both mmunosuppressive properties and anti-cancer properties and can be used for apoptosis research. The compound was discovered...
Alternariol is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria and is often found as a contaminant in fruit and small grain cereal products. Structurally, it is characterized as a dibenzopyranone. It can be used as an analytical standard. The...
Acetomycin, a γ-butyrolactone isolated from Streptomyces ramulosus, was first reported in 1958 by Ettlinger et al. at ETH Zurich. Acetomycin is potently active in vitro against HCT-8 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and L1210 murine leukemia cells...
