Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic that was originally isolated from Streptomyces fradiae by the Lilly Research Labs in 1961 from a soil sample collected in Thailand. Tylosin is a mixture of four macrolide antibiotics, the main component of the mixture(>80%) is Tylosin A; Tylosin B (desmycosin), Tylosin C (macrocin), and Tylosin D (relomycin) may also be present. Tylosin has broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma, but much less activity against most Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Tylosin, like other macrolide antibiotics, is a bacteriostatic compound that reversibly bind to the 23S rRNA in the 50S (L27 protein) ribosome subunit and inhibit mRNA-directed protein synthesis.
Tylosin has been used to study protein synthesis, abscess prevention in cattle, and Mycoplasma infections.
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| Mechanism of Action | Macrolide antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit preventing peptide bond formation and translocation during protein synthesis. Resistance to tylosin is commonly attributed to mutations in 50S rRNA preventing tylosin binding allowing the cell to synthesize proteins free of error. |
| Spectrum | Tylosin targets primarily Gram-positive bacteria and species of the Mycoplasma genus. |
| Microbiology Applications | Tylosin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Mycoplasma microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
For a representative list of Tylosin MIC values, click here. |
| References |
Lovmar M and Tenson T (2003) The mechanism of action of macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramin B reveals the nascent peptide exit path in the ribosome. J. Molec. Microbiol. 330(5):1005-1014 |
| MIC | Haemophilus parasuis| 2.5 － 40|| Mycoplasma hyosynoviae| ≤0.25 － 1|| Paenibacillus larvae| 0.016 － 0.031|| |
