Cephapirin Sodium is the sodium salt form of Cephapirin, a broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic. It is a sem-synthetic, first-generation cephalosporin C with bactericidal activity. Cephapirin is a penicillinase inhibitor. Its major metabolite is deacetylcephapirin, which represents approximately 50% of its antimicrobial activity.
Cephapirin Sodium is soluble in water.
| Mechanism of Action | Like β-lactams, Cephalosporins interfere with penicilln binding protein (PBP) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid-encoded β-lactamases. |
| Spectrum | Cephapirin Sodium is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has a spectrum similar to Cephalothin Sodium. |
| Microbiology Applications |
Cephapirin Sodium is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips). Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Effective concentration ranges include: Diplococcus pneumoniae: 0.003-0.2 μg/ml Environmental surveillance of pathogenic viruses is critical for monitoring spread. Poliovirus and male-specific coliphage MS2 are used as models of enteric viruses. Detection from wastewater using bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) can be used to filter samples in the field, and only cartridge filters are transported off-site lab for analysis. During shipment, the viruses may be inactivated and may experience contamination by bacteria and fungi. An antibiotic cocktail can inhibit overgrowth during shipment. A cocktail containing Cephapirin (50 (PPB) along with Gentamicin (100 PPB) , and Proclin™ 300 (15 PPM) increased recovery of virus. This method could could allow environmental virus surveillance in remote locations (Fagnant et al, 2017). Cephapirin detection in parts per billion levels via a ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to determine traces of β-lactams in cleaning solutions of reactors. The method can simultaneously detect several structurally different analytes in reactor rinse samples (Chittireddy et al, 2022). |
| Molecular Formula | C17H16N3O6S2 • Na |
| References |
Axelrod J, Meyers BR and Hirschman SZ (1971) Cephapirin: In vitro antibacterial spectrum. Appl. Microbiol. 22(5):904-908 PMID 5132096 Bran JL, Levison ME and Kaye D (1972) Clinical and in vitro evaluation of Cephapirin, a new cephalosporin antibiotic. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1(1):35-40. PMID 4596741 Chittireddy HNPR et al (2022) Development and validation for quantification of Cephapirin and Ceftiofur by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Molecules. 27(22):7920 Duan, XY et al. (2021). Progress in pretreatment and analysis of cephalosporins: An update since 2005. Crit. Rev. Analytical Chem. 51(1):55–86 Fagnant CS et al (2017) Use of preservative agents and antibiotics for increased poliovirus survival on positively charged filters. Food Environ. Virol. 9(4):383-394 PMID 28616833 Finland M, Garner C, Wilcox C and Sabath LD (1976) Susceptibility of pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae to antibacterial Agents. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother 9(2):274-287 PMID 5052 Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) (1975) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 5th ed. New York, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., p. 1161 |
